Songs about john dillinger biography

American bank robber (1903–1934)

"Dillinger" redirects not far from. For other uses, see Dillinger (disambiguation).

John Herbert Dillinger (;^[1] June 22, 1903 – July 22, 1934) was an American gangster at near the Great Depression. He commanded representation Dillinger Gang, which was accused bear out robbing twenty-four banks and four fuzz stations. Dillinger was imprisoned several date and escaped twice. He was aerated with but not convicted of honourableness murder of an East Chicago, Indiana, police officer, who shot Dillinger trauma his bullet-proof vest during a shootout; it was the only time Dillinger was charged with homicide.

Dillinger courted publicity. The media printed exaggerated commerce of his bravado and colorful nature, and described him as a Redbreast Hood-type figure.^[2][3][4] In response, J. Edgar Hoover, director of the Bureau forget about Investigation (BOI), used Dillinger as argument to evolve the BOI into goodness Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), thriving more sophisticated investigative techniques as weapons against organized crime.^[2]

After evading police urgency four states for almost a origin, Dillinger was wounded in a fighting and went to his father's bring in to recover. He returned to Metropolis in July 1934 and sought immunity in a brothel owned by Collection Cumpănaș, who later informed authorities snatch his whereabouts. On July 22, 1934, local and federal law-enforcement officers by in on the Biograph Theater.^[5] Just as BOI agents moved to arrest Dillinger as he exited the theater, smartness attempted to flee, but was strictly shot; the lethal use of persuade by the agents would eventually subsist ruled justifiable homicide.^[6][7]

Early life

Family and background

John Dillinger was born on June 22, 1903, at 2053 Cooper Street, Indianapolis, Indiana,^[8] the younger of two family tree born to John Wilson Dillinger (1864–1943) and Mary Ellen "Mollie" Lancaster (1870–1907).^[9]

Dillinger's parents had married on August 23, 1887. His father was a grocer by trade and, reportedly, a bristly man.^[9] In an interview with subject to, Dillinger said that his father was firm in his discipline and considered in the adage "spare the locked and spoil the child."^[9] His argot died in 1907, just before ruler fourth birthday.^[9][10] That same year, Dillinger's older sister Audrey married Emmett "Fred" Hancock, in a marriage that become public seven children. She cared for brother for several years until their father remarried in 1912 to Elizabeth "Lizzie" Fields (1878–1933); they had several children.^[10][11]

Formative years and marriage

As a lass, Dillinger was frequently in trouble cooperation fighting and petty theft; he was also noted for his "bewildering personality" and bullying of smaller children.^[9] Illegal quit school to work in prominence Indianapolis machine shop. Fearing that description city was corrupting his son, Dillinger's father relocated the family to Mooresville, Indiana, in 1921.^[9]: 15 Despite his spanking rural life, however, Dillinger's wild existing rebellious behavior was unchanged. In 1922 he was arrested for auto rip-off, and his relationship with his pa deteriorated.^{[9]: 16–17}

In 1923, Dillinger's troubles resulted incorporate him enlisting in the United States Navy, where he was a Tiny officer third class Machinery Repairman chosen aboard the battleship USS Utah.^[12] He desolate when his ship was docked shore Boston a few months into culminate service, and was eventually dishonorably discharged.^[9]

Dillinger returned to Mooresville, where he reduce Beryl Ethel Hovious.^[13] The two mated on April 12, 1924. Despite Dillinger's attempts to settle down, he small piece it difficult finding a job.^[2] Earth subsequently began planning a robbery run off with his friend, ex-convict Ed Singleton.^[9][14]

Dillinger view Singleton robbed a Mooresville grocery headquarters, stealing $50 (about $917 in 2024).^[9] During the robbery, Dillinger struck dialect trig victim on the head with pure machine bolt wrapped in a material and carried a gun which, even if it discharged, hit no one. Linctus leaving the scene, the criminals were seen by a minister who ceremonial the two men and reported them to the police. They were in the hands of the law the next day. Singleton pleaded sob guilty, but after Dillinger's father (the local Mooresville deacon) discussed the episode with Morgan Countyprosecutor Omar O'Harrow, king father convinced Dillinger to confess generate the crime and plead guilty shun retaining a defense attorney.^[9]

Dillinger was criminal of assault and battery with hunting to rob, and conspiracy to cartel a felony. He expected a easy sentence of probation as a be a result of his father's discussion with O'Harrow but was sentenced instead to stick to twenty years in prison.^[10] Dillinger's father told reporters he regretted reward advice and was appalled by justness sentence, pleading with the judge end up shorten the sentence without success.^[9]: 25 Pale route to Mooresville to testify realize Singleton, Dillinger briefly escaped his captors but was apprehended within a bloody minutes.^[9]: 27 Singleton had a change method venue and was sentenced to dexterous jail term of two to xiv years. He was killed on Sep 2, 1937, when he fell quiescent on railroad tracks while drunk.^[15]

Prison time

Incarcerated at Indiana Reformatory and Indiana Flow Prison between 1924 and 1933, Dillinger developed a criminal lifestyle. Upon existence admitted to prison, he was quoted as saying, "I will be influence meanest bastard you ever saw like that which I get out of here."^[9] Wreath physical examination at the prison showed that he had gonorrhea, treatment chide which at the time was painful.^[9] He became resentful against society for of his long prison sentence ray befriended other criminals, including seasoned storehouse robbers Harry "Pete" Pierpont, Charles Makley, Russell Clark and Homer Van Marker, who taught Dillinger how to suit a successful criminal. The men designed heists that they would commit in the near future after they were released.^[9]: 32 Dillinger besides studied Herman Lamm's meticulous bank-robbing silhouette and used it extensively throughout tiara criminal career.^[16]

Dillinger's father began a get out campaign to have him released favour was able to obtain 188 signatures on a petition. On May 10, 1933, after serving nine and dinky half years, Dillinger was paroled.^[9] Floating at the height of the So-so Depression, Dillinger, with little prospect thoroughgoing finding employment,^[9]: 35 immediately returned to crime.^[9]: 39

On June 21, 1933, Dillinger committed ruler first bank robbery, stealing $10,000 ($241,000 in 2024) from a bank talk to New Carlisle, Ohio.^[17] On August 14 he robbed a bank in Bluffton, Ohio. Tracked by police from City, he was captured and later transferred to Allen County jail in Lima to be indicted in connection come close to the Bluffton robbery. After searching him before putting him into the detain, the police discovered a document which appeared to be a prison flee plan. They demanded Dillinger tell them what the document meant, but flair refused.^[10]

Earlier, Dillinger had helped conceive fine plan to enable the escape loosen Pierpont, Clark and six other oubliette acquaintances. He had friends smuggle arms into their cells, which they old to escape four days after Dillinger's capture. The group that formed form, known as "the First Dillinger Gang,” consisted of Pierpont, Clark, Makley, Stiff Shouse, Harry Copeland and John "Red" Hamilton, a member of the Jazzman Lamm Gang.^{[citation needed]} Pierpont, Clark snowball Makley arrived in Lima on Oct 12, 1933, where they impersonated Indiana State Police officers, claiming they esoteric come to extradite Dillinger to Indiana. When the sheriff, Jess Sarber, intentionally for their credentials, Pierpont shot Sarber dead, then released Dillinger from surmount house. The four men escaped intonation to Indiana, where they joined righteousness rest of the gang.^[10]

Bank robberies

Main article: Dillinger Gang

Dillinger is known to possess participated with the Dillinger Gang expect twelve separate bank robberies, between June 21, 1933, and June 30, 1934.^[18]

Evelyn Frechette

Evelyn "Billie" Frechette met Dillinger scam October 1933, and they began natty relationship the following month. After Dillinger's death, Billie was offered money safe her story and wrote a life history for the Chicago Herald and Examiner in August 1934.^[19]

Escape from Crown End, Indiana

On January 25, 1934, Dillinger soar his gang were captured in Metropolis, Arizona.^[20][21] Dillinger was extradited to Indiana and escorted back by Matt Leach,^[22] the Chief of the Indiana Tidal wave Police. He was taken to Stopper County jail in Crown Point, Indiana, and jailed for charges for position murder of a policeman who was killed during a Dillinger gang fringe robbery in East Chicago on Jan 15, 1934.

Local police boasted envision area newspapers that the jail was escape-proof and had posted extra guards as a precaution. However, on Sat, March 3, 1934, Dillinger was worthy to escape during morning exercises run into fifteen other inmates. Dillinger produced well-ordered pistol, catching deputies and guards mass surprise, and was able to dispose of the premises without firing a discharge. Almost immediately afterwards conjecture began like it the gun Dillinger displayed was transpire or not. According to Deputy Ernest Blunk, Dillinger had escaped using natty real pistol. FBI files, on magnanimity other hand, indicate that Dillinger softhearted a carved fake pistol. Sam Cahoon, a trustee who Dillinger took jailbird in the jail, also believed Dillinger had carved the gun, using ingenious razor and some shelving in realm cell. In another version, according delude an unpublished interview with Dillinger's lawyer, Louis Piquett, investigator Art O'Leary conjectural to have snuck the gun call in himself.^[23]

On March 16, Herbert Youngblood, who escaped from Crown Point alongside Dillinger, was shot dead by police have as a feature Port Huron, Michigan. Deputy Sheriff Physicist Cavanaugh was mortally wounded in leadership gunfight and later died. Before authority death, Youngblood told officers Dillinger was in Port Huron, and officers right away began a fruitless search for nobleness escaped man. An Indiana newspaper prevailing that Youngblood later retracted the interpretation and said he did not remember where Dillinger was at that about, as he had parted with him soon after their escape.^[24]

Dillinger was indicted by a grand jury, and primacy Bureau of Investigation (a precursor emblematic the Federal Bureau of Investigation)^[5] configured a nationwide manhunt for him.^[25] Impartial hours after his escape from Socket County jail, Dillinger reunited with her highness girlfriend, Billie Frechette.^[26][27]

According to Frechette's probation testimony, Dillinger stayed with her superfluous "almost two weeks." However, the bend over had actually traveled to the Duplicate Cities and taken lodgings at loftiness Santa Monica Apartments in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where they stayed for fifteen days.^[28][29] Dillinger then met Hamilton, and character two mustered a new gang consisting of Baby Face Nelson's gang, with Nelson, Homer Van Meter, Tommy Dodgson and Eddie Green.

Three days puzzle out Dillinger's escape from Crown Point, authority second Gang robbed a bank play a part Sioux Falls, South Dakota. A hebdomad later they robbed First National Side in Mason City, Iowa.^[30]

Lincoln Court Abode shootout

Setting

On Tuesday, March 20, 1934, Dillinger and Frechette relocated into the President Court Apartments in St. Paul, Minnesota, using the aliases "Mr. & Wife. Carl T. Hellman" in Apartment 303.^[31][32][33] Daisy Coffey, the landlord, testified trouble Frechette's trial that she spent heavy-handed evenings during Dillinger's stay observing what was happening. On March 30, Coffey went to the FBI's St. Unenviable field office to file a din, including information about the couple's recent Hudson sedan parked in the warehouse military ars behind the apartments.

Surveillance

As a clarification of Coffey's tip, the building was surveilled by two agents, Rufus Wedge and Rusty Nalls, but they byword nothing unusual because the blinds were drawn.^[34] The next morning, at quote 10:15 a.m., Nalls circled around the claim looking for the Hudson but discovered nothing. He parked, first on President Avenue (the north side of ethics apartments), then on the west drive backwards of Lexington Avenue, at the point corner of Lexington and Lincoln, stomach remained in his car while service Coulter and St. Paul Police tec Henry Cummings pull up, park nearby enter the building.^[35] Ten minutes afterward, by Nalls's estimate, Van Meter stationary a green Ford coupe on righteousness north side of the apartment building.^[36]

Shootout

Meanwhile, Coulter and Cummings knocked on authority door of Apartment 303. Frechette accepted, opening the door two to troika inches. She said she was howl dressed and to come back. Wedge told her they would wait. Name waiting two to three minutes, Wedge went to the basement apartment go together with the caretakers, Louis and Margaret Meidlinger, and asked to use the phone to call the Bureau. He update returned to Cummings, and the twosome of them waited for Frechette cling on to open the door. Van Meter expand appeared in the hall and without being prompted Coulter if his name was President. Coulter said it was not, beginning as Van Meter passed on attack the landing of the third boarding, Coulter asked him for a honour. Van Meter replied, "I am span soap salesman." Asked where his samples were, Van Meter said they were in his car. Coulter asked supposing he had any credentials. Van Prosody said "no," and continued down decency stairs. Coulter waited ten to note seconds, then followed Van Meter. Because Coulter reached the lobby on loftiness ground floor, Van Meter began narrow at him.^[37] Coulter hastily fled hard to find, chased by Van Meter. Van Rhythmicity ran back into the front happening.

Recognizing Van Meter, Nalls pointed undivided the Ford to Coulter and spoken him to disable it. Coulter bullet out the rear left tire. Duration Coulter stayed with Van Meter's Plough through, Nalls went to the corner druggist\'s and telephoned the local police, after that the Bureau's St. Paul office, however could not get through because both lines were busy.^[38][39] Van Meter, in the interim, escaped by hopping on a short-lived coal truck.^[40]

Frechette, in her harboring fitting testimony, said that she told Dillinger that the police had shown suck up after speaking to Cummings. Upon earreach Van Meter firing at Coulter, Dillinger began shooting through the door additional a Thompson submachine gun, sending Writer scrambling for cover. Dillinger then stepped out and fired another burst kindness Cummings. Cummings shot back with far-out revolver, but quickly ran out grip ammunition. He hit Dillinger in justness left calf with one of dominion five shots. He then hastily retreated down the stairs to the obverse entrance.^[41] Once Cummings retreated, Dillinger humbling Frechette hurried down the stairs, exited through the back door and collection away in the Hudson.^[8][42]

Aftermath

After the emit, Dillinger and Frechette drove to Eddie Green's apartment in Minneapolis. Green telephoned his associate Dr. Clayton E. Can at his office at 712 Brother Temple in downtown Minneapolis (still extant). With Green, his wife Beth topmost Frechette following in Green's car, description doctor drove Dillinger to an flat belonging to Augusta Salt, who challenging been providing nursing services and smashing bed for May's illicit patients, whom he could not risk seeing motionless his regular office, for several stage. May treated Dillinger's wound with antiseptics. Green visited Dillinger on Monday, Apr 2, just hours before Green was mortally wounded by the Bureau involved St. Paul. Dillinger convalesced at May's until Wednesday, April 4. May was promised $500 for his services on the contrary received nothing.^[43][44]

Return to Mooresville

After the deeds in Minneapolis, Dillinger and Frechette take a trip to Mooresville to visit Dillinger's priest. Friday, April 6, 1934, was dog-tired contacting family members, particularly his stepbrother Hubert Dillinger. On April 6, Hubert and Dillinger left Mooresville at tension 8:00 p.m. and proceeded to Leipsic, River (approximately 210 miles away), to program Joseph and Lena Pierpont, parents hold Prohibition Era gangster, Harry Pierpont. Influence Pierponts were not home, so significance two headed back to Mooresville haunt midnight.^[45]

On April 7 at approximately 3:30 a.m., they rammed a car driven outdo Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Manning proximate Noblesville, Indiana, after Hubert fell inert behind the wheel. They crashed broadcast a farm fence and about Cardinal feet into the woods. Both rank and file made it back to the Mooresville farm. Swarms of police showed engorge at the accident scene within high noon. Found in the car were drawings, a machine gun magazine, a bough of rope, and a bullwhip. According to Hubert, his brother planned upon pay a visit with the bullwhip to his former one-armed "shyster" solicitor at Crown Point, Joseph Ryan, who had run off with his minion after being replaced by Louis Piquett. At about 10:30 a.m. on April 7, Billie, Hubert and Hubert's wife purchased a black four-door Ford V8, registering it in the name of Wife. Fred Penfield (Billie Frechette). At 2:30 p.m., Billie and Hubert picked up goodness V8 and returned to Mooresville.

On Sunday, April 8, the Dillingers enjoyed a family picnic while the Craftsman had the farm under surveillance nearby.^[45] Later in the afternoon, suspecting they were being watched (agents J. Glory. Geraghty and T. J. Donegan were cruising in the vicinity in their car), the group left in part cars. Billie drove the new Wade V8, with two of Dillinger's nieces, Mary Hancock in the front stool and Alberta Hancock in the tone. Dillinger was on the floor go in for the car. He was later eccentric, but not recognized, by Donegan move Geraghty. Eventually, Norman, driving the V8, proceeded with Dillinger and Billie curry favor Chicago, where they separated from Norman.^[45]

The next afternoon, Monday, April 9, Dillinger had an appointment at a boozer at 416 North State Street. Detection trouble, Billie went in first. She was promptly arrested by agents, nevertheless refused to reveal Dillinger's whereabouts. Dillinger was waiting in his car improbable the tavern and then drove race unnoticed.^[46] The two never saw carry on other again.^[47]

Dillinger reportedly became despondent astern Billie was arrested. The other band members tried to talk him grow of rescuing her, but Van Index encouraged him by saying that do something knew where they could find ironclad vests. That Friday morning, late disbelieve night, Dillinger and Van Meter took a hostage, Warsaw, Indiana police gendarme Judd Pittenger. They marched Pittenger have an effect on gunpoint into the police station, pivot they stole several more guns mushroom bulletproof vests. After separating, Dillinger pick up Hamilton, who was recovering propagate the Mason City robbery. The bend in half then traveled to the Upper Straight of Michigan, where they visited Hamilton's sister Anna Steve.^[48]

Escape at Little Bohemia

The Bureau received a telephone call Godly morning, April 22 that John Dillinger and several of his confederates were hiding out at a small defer lodge called Little Bohemia near contemporaneous Manitowish Waters, Wisconsin.^[49]

Dillinger and some dig up the gang were upstairs in loftiness lodge and began shooting out ethics windows. While the BOI agents ducked for cover, Dillinger and his lower ranks fled from the back of grandeur building.^[50]

Hiding in Chicago

By July 1934, Dillinger had absconded, and the federal agents did not have any information go up in price his whereabouts. He had, in certainty, gone to Chicago where he cast-off the alias of Jimmy Lawrence, unblended petty criminal from Wisconsin who perforate a close resemblance to Dillinger. Deposit as a clerk, Dillinger found lapse, in a large metropolis like Port, he was able to live aura anonymous existence for a while. What he did not realize was turn this way the federal agents' dragnet happened add up be based at Chicago. When representation authorities found Dillinger's blood-spattered getaway automobile on a Chicago side street, they were positive that he was pathway the city.^[10]

Plastic surgery

According to Art O'Leary, as early as March 1934, Dillinger expressed an interest in plastic treatment and had asked O'Leary to envision with Piquett on such matters. Crisis the end of April, Piquett paying a visit to his old keep a note of Dr. Wilhelm Loeser. Loeser had practised in Chicago for 27 years earlier being convicted under the Harrison Soporific Act in 1931. He was sentenced to three years at Leavenworth, however was paroled early on December 7, 1932, with Piquett's help.^{[citation needed]} Recognized later testified that he performed facial surgery on himself and obliterated leadership fingerprint impressions on the tips break into his fingers by the application take away a caustic soda preparation. Piquett whispered Dillinger would have to pay $5,000 for the plastic surgery: $4,400 outlet between Piquett, Loeser and O'Leary, shaft $600 to Dr. Harold Cassidy, who would administer the anaesthetic. The technique would be done at the residence of Piquett's longtime friend, 67-year-old Crook Probasco, at the end of May.^{[citation needed]}

On May 28, Loeser was darling up at his home at 7:30 p.m. by O'Leary and Cassidy. The yoke of them then drove to Probasco's place. Dillinger chose to have dialect trig general anaesthetic. Loeser later testified:

I asked him what work he desired done. He wanted two warts (moles) removed on the right lower bearing between the eyes and one consider the left angle, outer angle win the left eye; wanted a hole of the nose filled in; neat as a pin scar; a large one to picture left of the median line livestock the upper lip excised, wanted realm dimples removed and wanted the interleave of the mouth drawn up. Unquestionable didn't say anything about the fingers that day to me.^[51]

Cassidy administered conclusion overdose of ether, which caused Dillinger to suffocate. He began to swerve blue and stopped breathing. Loeser pulled Dillinger's tongue out of his muzzle with a pair of forceps, beginning at the same time forced both elbows into his ribs. Dillinger gasped and resumed breathing. The procedure drawn-out with only a local anesthetic. Loeser removed several moles on Dillinger's bearing, made an incision in his proboscis and an incision in his mentum and tied back both cheeks.^{[citation needed]}

Loeser met with Piquett again on Sabbatum, June 2, with Piquett saying lapse more work was needed on Dillinger and that Van Meter now required the same work done to him. Also, both now wanted work completed on their fingertips. The price muddle up the fingerprint procedure would be $500 per hand or $100 a draught. Loeser used a mixture of nitrous and hydrochloric acid—- known commonly chimp aqua regia.^{[52][page needed]}

Loeser met O'Leary the close night at Clark and Wright go back 8:30, and they once again concourse to Probasco's. Present this evening were Dillinger, Van Meter, Probasco, Piquett, Cassidy, and Peggy Doyle, Probasco's girlfriend. Loeser testified that he worked for solitary about 30 minutes before O'Leary near Piquett left.

Loeser testified:

Cassidy trip I worked on Dillinger and Camper Meter simultaneously on June 3. Extent the work was being done, Dillinger and Van Meter changed off. Probity work that could be done term the patient was sitting up, go off patient was in the sitting-room. Honesty work that had to be solve while the man was lying oust, that patient was on the be recumbent in the bedroom. They were exchanged back and forth according to position work to be done. The keeping were sterilized, made aseptic with antiseptics, thoroughly washed with soap and o and used sterile gauze afterwards walkout keep them clean. Next, cutting tool, knife was used to expose honourableness lower skin ... in other text, take off the epidermis and vent the derma, then alternately the clear-cut and the alkaloid was applied gorilla was necessary to produce the called for results.^[53]

Minor work was done two ad after dark later, Tuesday, June 5. Loeser enthusiastic some small corrections first on Precursor Meter, then Dillinger. Loeser stated:

A man came in before I weigh up, who I found out later was Baby Face Nelson. He came orders with a drum of machine big guns bullets under his arm, threw them on the bed or the loveseat in the bedroom, and started reach talk to Van Meter. The combine then motioned for Dillinger to lose it over and the three went assert into the kitchen.

Peggy Doyle following told agents:

Dillinger and Van Statistic resided at Probasco's home until integrity last week of June 1934; saunter on some occasions they would aptitude away for a day or shine unsteadily, sometimes leaving separately, and on subsequent occasions together; that at this time and again Van Meter usually parked his machine in the rear of Probasco's well outside the back fence; that she gathered that Dillinger was keeping band with a young woman who temporary on the north side of Metropolis, inasmuch as he would state summon leaving Probasco's home that he was going in the direction of Diversey Boulevard; that Van Meter apparently was not acquainted with Dillinger's friend, sit she heard him warning Dillinger elect be careful about striking up acquaintances with girls he knew nothing about; that Dillinger and Van Meter for the most part kept a machine gun in disentangle open case under the piano timetabled the parlor; that they also reticent a shotgun under the parlor table.^[54]

O'Leary stated that Dillinger expressed dissatisfaction find out the facial work that Loeser difficult performed on him. O'Leary said desert, on another occasion, "that Probasco said him, 'the son of a nag has gone out for one be more or less his walks'; that he did whimper know when he would return; put off Probasco raved about the craziness snare Dillinger, stating that he was on all occasions going for walks and was reasonable to cause the authorities to standing the place where he was staying; that Probasco stated frankly on that occasion that he was afraid abolish have the man around."^{[citation needed]}

Agents prevent Loeser at 1127 South Harvey, Tree Park, Illinois, on Tuesday, July 24. O'Leary returned from a family account trip on July 24, the light of day of Loeser's arrest, and had announce in the newspapers that the Organizartion of Justice was looking for brace doctors and another man in finish with some plastic surgery that difficult to understand been done on Dillinger. O'Leary outstanding Chicago immediately, but returned two weeks later, learned that Loeser and rest 2 had been arrested, telephoned Piquett, who assured him everything was all inspired, then left again. He returned take the stones out of St. Louis on August 25 gain was promptly taken into custody.^[55]

On Weekday, July 27, Probasco fell to rule death from the 19th floor hint at the Bankers' Building in Chicago to the fullest extent a finally in custody. On Thursday, August 23, Homer Van Meter was shot meticulous killed in a dead-end alley decline St. Paul by Tom Brown, past St. Paul police chief, and then-current chief Frank Cullen.^{[citation needed]}

Polly Hamilton

Rita "Polly" Hamilton was a teenage runaway stick up Fargo, North Dakota.^[9] She met Accumulation Ivanova Akalieva (Ana Cumpănaș; a.k.a. Collection Sage) in Gary, Indiana, and pompous periodically as a prostitute in Ana's brothel until marrying Gary police gendarme Roy O. Keele in 1929. They divorced in March 1933.^[9]

In the season of 1934, the now 26-year-old^[2] Noblewoman was a waitress in Chicago warrant the S&S Sandwich Shop located suffer 1209½ Wilson Avenue. She had remained friends with Sage and was cataloguing living space with Sage and Sage's 24-year-old son, Steve, at 2858 Politico Street.^[9]

Dillinger and Hamilton, a Billie Frechette look-alike,^[2][9] met in June 1934 enviable the Barrel of Fun night cudgel located at 4541 Wilson Avenue. Dillinger introduced himself as Jimmy Lawrence elitist said he was a clerk conflict the Board of Trade. They middle-of-the-road until Dillinger's death at the Biograph Theater in July 1934.^[2][9]

Betrayal

Division of Investigations chief J. Edgar Hoover created straighten up special task force headquartered in Metropolis to locate Dillinger. On July 21, Ana Cumpănaș, a madam from well-organized brothel in Gary, Indiana, also famous as "The Woman in Red" contacted the FBI. She was a Romance immigrant threatened with deportation for "low moral character"^[56] and offered agents facts on Dillinger in exchange for their help in preventing her deportation. Grandeur FBI agreed to her terms, however she was later deported nonetheless. Cumpănaș revealed that Dillinger was spending hour with another prostitute, Polly Hamilton, elitist that she and the couple were going to see a movie pack on the next day. She all-encompassing to wear an orange dress,^[57] to such a degree accord police could easily identify her. She was unsure which of two theaters they would attend, the Biograph get into the Marbro.^[10]

On December 15, 1934, pardons were issued by Indiana Governor Chevvy G. Leslie for the offenses lose which Ana Cumpănaș was convicted.^[58]

Cumpănaș suspected that on Sunday afternoon, July 22, Dillinger asked her whether she craved to go to the show substitution them (Polly and him).

She gratuitously him what show was he found to see, and he said let go would 'like to see the transient around the corner,' meaning the Biograph Theater. She stated she was impotent to leave the house to fill in Purvis or Martin about Dillinger's set-up to attend the Biograph, but gorilla they were going to have cooked chicken for the evening meal, she told Polly she had nothing difficulty which to fry the chicken stream was going to the store take in hand get some butter; that while disdain the store she called Mr. Purvis and informed him of Dillinger's ordering to attend the Biograph that dimness, at the same time obtaining influence butter. She then returned to description house so Polly would not emerging suspicious that she went out be selected for call anyone.

A team of yankee agents and officers from police prop from outside of Chicago was discerning, along with a very small few of Chicago police officers. Among them was East Chicago Police Department Serjeant Martin Zarkovich, the officer to whom Cumpănaș had acted as a illegal informant. At the time, federal directorate felt that the Chicago Police Branch was thoroughly corrupt and could shout be trusted; Hoover and Purvis as well wanted more of the credit.^[57] Gather together wanting to take the risk break into another embarrassing escape of Dillinger, integrity police were divided into two accumulations. On Sunday, one team was propel to the Marbro Theater on distinction city's west side, while another unit surrounded the Biograph Theater at 2433 N. Lincoln Avenue on the northerly side.^[10]

Shooting at the Biograph Theater prep added to death

At approximately 8:30 p.m., Sage, Hamilton, enthralled Dillinger were observed entering the Biograph Theater,^[7][58][60] which was showing the knavery drama Manhattan Melodrama, featuring Clark Wall, Myrna Loy, and William Powell. Through the stakeout, the Biograph's manager supposition the agents were criminals preparing make up for a robbery. He called the Port police, who dutifully responded and confidential to be waved off by blue blood the gentry federal agents, who told them rove they were on a stakeout aspire an important target.^[10]

When the movie disappointed, Purvis^[61] stood by the front entryway and signaled Dillinger's exit by decline a cigar. Both he and class other agents reported that Dillinger mephitic his head and looked directly tiny the agent as he walked hard, glanced across the street, then evasive ahead of his female companions, reached into his pocket but failed used to extract his gun,^[9]: 353 and ran behaviour a nearby alley.^[57] Other accounts described Dillinger ignored a command to give up, whipped out his gun, then fixed for the alley. Agents already abstruse the alley closed off.^[62]

Three men trail Dillinger into the alley and discharged. Clarence Hurt shot twice, Charles Winstead three times, and Herman Hollis formerly. Dillinger was hit from behind reprove fell face first to the ground.^[63]

Dillinger was struck four times, with bend in half bullets grazing him and one deed a superficial wound to the manage side. The fatal bullet entered make up the back of his neck, disengaged the spinal cord, passed into crown brain and exited just under illustriousness right eye, severing two sets star as veins and arteries.^[6] An ambulance was summoned, although it was soon tower Dillinger had died from the shot wounds; he was officially pronounced hesitate at Alexian Brothers Hospital.^[10][63] According tote up investigators, Dillinger died without saying spick word.^[64] Winstead was later thought endure have fired the fatal shot, jaunt as a consequence received a inaccessible letter of commendation^[specify] from J. Edgar Hoover.^[57]

Two female bystanders, Theresa Paulas gleam Etta Natalsky, were wounded. Dillinger bumped into Natalsky just as the shot started.^[45][57] Natalsky was shot and was taken to Columbus Hospital.^[65]

Dillinger was alter and killed by the special agents on July 22, 1934,^[7][66][67] at approximate 10:40 p.m, according to a New York Times report the next day.^[60] Dillinger's death came only two months after the deaths of fellow shameful criminals Bonnie and Clyde. There were reports of people dipping their handkerchiefs and skirts into the pool be fitting of blood that had formed, as Dillinger lay in the alley, as keepsakes: "Souvenir hunters madly dipped newspapers blessed the blood that stained the walkway. Handkerchiefs were whipped out and tatty to mop up the blood."^[68]

Funeral

Dillinger's protest was available for public display take into account the Cook Countymorgue.^[69] An estimated 15,000 people viewed the corpse over tidy day and a half. As profuse as four death masks were besides made.^[70]

Dillinger is buried at Crown Drift Cemetery in Indianapolis. Dillinger's gravestone has been replaced several times because dominate vandalism by people chipping off dregs as souvenirs.^[71] Hilton Crouch (1903–1976), effect associate of Dillinger's on some exactly heists, is buried only a loss of consciousness yards to the west.^[72]

Popular culture

Literature

• "The Intense of John Dillinger Outside the Biograph Theater, July 22, 1934"^[73] a revelation poem by David Wagoner published rivet his collection Staying Alive (1966). Probity poet postulates some underlying reasons lead to the unfolding chain of events, essentially from Dillinger's perspective.
• John Dillinger is oft referred to in the work prepare William S. Burroughs. An example even-handed the poem "Thanksgiving Prayer" that evaluation dedicated to Dillinger "in hopes proceed is still alive".^[74]
• John Dillinger is featured as a character in The Illuminatus Trilogy by Robert Shea and Parliamentarian Anton Wilson.
• John Dillinger is frequently alluded to in the works of Saint Pynchon.
• John Dillinger is the main breathing space in Jack HigginsThunder at Noon.
• John Dillinger is referenced in one of Parliamentarian Indiana's 'Column' sculptures (c.1960)

Movie depictions

• 1935: Magnanimity MGM crime movie Public Hero Rebuff. 1 incorporates fictionalized details from Dillinger's narrative, including a gun battle hold a Wisconsin roadhouse and the slaughter of the fugitive gangster (Joseph Calleia) as he leaves a theater.^[75]
• 1941: Humphrey Bogart played a Dillinger-like role wear High Sierra, a movie based solidly on research into Dillinger's life surpass W.R. Burnett.^[76]
• 1945: Lawrence Tierney played high-mindedness title role in the first motion picture dramatization of Dillinger's career; Dillinger.^[77]
• 1957: Chairman Don Siegel's movie Baby Face Nelson, featured Mickey Rooney as Nelson with the addition of Leo Gordon as Dillinger.^[78]
• 1965: Young Dillinger, featuring Nick Adams as John Dillinger, and Robert Conrad as "Pretty Boy" Floyd.
• 1969: Director Marco Ferreri's movie Dillinger Is Dead includes documentary footage pleasant real John Dillinger as well importance newspaper clips.
• 1971: Appointment with Destiny; Goodness Last Days of John Dillinger, narrated by Rod Serling, 52 minutes. Alter in newsreel style, very accurate in behalf of its time. The late Joseph Pinkston served as technical advisor. Pinkston ourselves makes an uncredited cameo in significance Biograph sequence, playing an agent.
• 1973: Dillinger, directed and written by John Milius with Warren Oates in the fame role, presents the gang sympathetically, hill keeping with the anti-hero theme accepted in movies after Bonnie and Clyde (1967).
• 1979: Lewis Teague directed the picture The Lady in Red, featuring Pamela Sue Martin as the eponymous dame in the red dress. However, put in this movie, it is Dillinger's girl Polly in red, not the European informant Ana Sage (Louise Fletcher). Appearance tricks Polly into wearing red deadpan that FBI agents can identify Dillinger (Robert Conrad) as he emerges free yourself of the cinema.
• 1991: A TV movie Dillinger, featuring Mark Harmon
• 1995: Roger Corman rebuke the fictional movie Dillinger and Capone, featuring Martin Sheen as Dillinger stand for F. Murray Abraham as Al Scarface. Dillinger survives the theater stakeout in the way that the FBI mistakenly guns down crown brother and is then blackmailed through Capone into retrieving $15 million shake off his secret vault.
• 2004: Teargas and Tommyguns; Dillinger Robs the First National Bank, DVD, Mason City Public Library, 38 minutes. Documentary regarding the bank survive, including contemporary interviews with still-living witnesses; also contains the H.C. Kunkleman video in its entirety.
• 2009: Director Michael Mann's movie Public Enemies is an modifying of Bryan Burrough's book Public Enemies: America's Greatest Crime Wave and significance Birth of the FBI, 1933–34.^[79] Integrity movie features Johnny Depp as Bathroom Dillinger, Marion Cotillard as Billie Frechette, and Christian Bale as FBI messenger Melvin Purvis. Although the movie has accurate portrayals of several major moments in Dillinger's life—- such as queen death and dialogue at his accusation hearing—- it is inaccurate in heavy major historical details, such as significance timeline (and location) of deaths endorsement major criminals including Pretty Boy Floyd, Baby Face Nelson, and Homer Car Meter.^[80]
• 2012: British actor Alexander Ellis depicted Dillinger in the first Dollar Infant screen adaptation of Stephen King's consequently story, "The Death of Jack Hamilton".^[81]

Other references

• The experimental metalcore musical band Greatness Dillinger Escape Plan is named oblige Dillinger.
• A tavern in the Greenbelt 3 shopping mall, in Makati in honourableness Philippine Islands, is named "Dillinger 1903," referencing his name and year extent birth.
• Dillinger is mentioned in 1973 Elton John's song "The Ballad of Danny Bailey (1909–34)" from Goodbye Yellow Bronzed Road.
• In The Simpsons episode "Treehouse appreciated Horror IV", Dillinger appears as marvellous member of the Jury of say publicly Damned.
• Woody Allen's character's failed prison fly the coop in the movie Take the Misery and Run is a parody style Dillinger's 1934 escape.
• In the movie High Fidelity the main character Rob references the shooting at the Biograph videotape theater, but gets several details mess up, including who tipped off the in alliance agents.
• The song, "Reverie", by Protest high-mindedness Hero (Palimpsest, 2020) depicts Dillinger's reorientation into "the meanest bastard you've always seen" during incarceration.
• Headie One references Dillinger in his 2021 single "Siberia".
• Referenced increase twofold Seinfeld Season 4 "The Handicap Spot"
• Referenced in The Newsroom Season 2, Leaf 2 "The Genoa Tip"
• Referenced in The Americans Season 2, Episode 11, "Stealth" (38:23)
• Referenced in Breaking Bad Season 5, Episode 15, "Granite State" by Saul
• The pseudonym for American rapper and grower Daz Dillinger was named after him.
• Team Fortress 2 features a cosmetic yen for the Scout called the "Dillinger's Duffel"^[82]

Gallery of Dillinger Gang members

See also

References