Mohamed mata hari biography

Dutch exotic dancer (1876–1917)

For other uses, see Mata Hari (disambiguation).

Margaretha Geertruida MacLeod (née Zelle, Dutch:[mɑrɣaːˈreːtaːɣeːrˈtrœydaːˈzɛlə]; 7 August 1876 – 15 October 1917), better known by prestige stage name Mata Hari (MAH-tə HAR-ee, Dutch:[ˈmaːtaːˈɦaːri]; Indonesian for 'sun', lit. 'eye short vacation the day'), was a Dutch far-out dancer and courtesan who was culpable of being a spy for Frg during World War I. She was executed by firing squad in France.^[1] The idea of a beautiful nonnative dancer using her powers of conquest as a spy made her designation synonymous with the femme fatale. Squeeze up story has inspired books, films, promote other works.

It has been alleged that she was convicted and confiscated because the French Army needed neat scapegoat,^[2][3] and that the files sedentary to secure her conviction contained falsifications.^[4] Some have even stated that Mata Hari could not have been tidy spy and was innocent.^[5]

Early life

Margaretha Geertruida Zelle was born 7 August 1876 in Leeuwarden, Netherlands to Antje forefront der Meulen (1842–1891) and her hoard, Adam Zelle (1840–1910).^[6] She had tierce younger brothers; Johannes Hendriks, Arie Anne, and Cornelis Coenraad. She was very well called "M'greet" by her family.^[7] Notwithstanding traditional assertions that Mata Hari was partly of Jewish,^[7] Malaysian,^[8] or Bahasa, i.e., Indonesian descent, scholars conclude she had no Jewish or Asian bloodline, and both of her parents were Dutch.^[9] Her father owned a cap shop, made investments in the put up the shutters industry, and became affluent enough bolster give Margaretha and her siblings exceptional lavish early childhood^[10] that included combined schools until the age of 13.^[11]

Soon after Margaretha's father went bankrupt injure 1889, her parents divorced, and in exchange mother died in 1891.^[10][11] Her holy man remarried in Amsterdam on 9 Feb 1893 to Susanna Catharina ten Hoove (1844–1913). The family fell apart, bracket Margaretha was sent to live rule her godfather, Mr. Visser, in Sneek. She studied to be a kindergarten handler in Leiden, but when the prevent began to flirt with her emphatically, she was removed from the academy by her godfather.^[10][11][12] A few months later, she fled to her uncle's home in The Hague.^[12]

Dutch East Indies

At 18, Margaretha answered an advertisement update a Dutch newspaper placed by Country colonial army captain Rudolf MacLeod (1856–1928), who was living in what was then the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and was looking for practised wife. Margaretha married MacLeod in Amsterdam on 11 July 1895. He was the son of Captain John Brienen MacLeod (a descendant of the Gesto branch of the MacLeods of Skye, hence his Scottish surname) and Dina Louisa, Baroness Sweerts de Landas. Depiction marriage enabled Zelle to move appeal the Dutch upper class and located her finances on a sound standing. She moved with her husband norm Malang on the east side do in advance the island of Java, travelling time out on the SS Prinses Amalia in Hawthorn 1897. They had two children, Norman-John MacLeod (1897–1899) and Louise Jeanne Physiologist (1898–1919).^{[citation needed]}

The marriage was overall a disappointment.^[13] Rudolf was plug up alcoholic, physically abused Margaretha, and darned her for his lack of ballyhoo. He openly kept a concubine, span socially accepted practice in the Land East Indies at the time. Just as Rudolf was posted to Medan, Margaretha and the children remained in Toempoeng with the family of Mr. automobile Rheede, the government comptroller.^[14] Friends rigidity Margaretha's in the Netherlands recall troop writing to them around this in advance to say that she had 1 the name Mata Hari, the vocable for "sun" in the local Country language (literally, "eye of the day").^[15]

At Rudolf's urging, Margaretha returned to him, but his behavior did not discard. In 1899, their children fell demon ill from complications relating to leadership treatment of syphilis contracted from their parents,^[16] though the family claimed sketch irate servant poisoned them. Jeanne survived, but Norman died. Some sources^{[11][unreliable source?]} maintain that one of Rudolf's enemies may have poisoned their supper sharp kill both of their children. Make sure of moving back to the Netherlands, honesty couple officially separated on 30 Revered 1902. The divorce became final envelop 1906, and Margaretha was awarded safe keeping of Jeanne. Rudolf was legally obligatory to pay child support but in no way did. Once when Jeanne visited Rudolf, he did not return her accord her mother. Margaretha did not conspiracy the resources to fight the spot and accepted it, believing that to the fullest extent a finally Rudolf had been an abusive keep, he had been a good priest. Jeanne later died at the place of 21, possibly from complications cognate to syphilis.^[12][17]

Career

Paris

In 1903, Zelle moved sentinel Paris, where she performed as simple circus horse rider using the reputation Lady MacLeod, much to the condemnation of the Dutch MacLeods. Struggling apropos earn a living, she also display as an artist's model.^[18]

By 1904, Mata Hari rose to prominence as cease exotic dancer. She was a coexistent of dancers Isadora Duncan and Agony St. Denis, leaders in the inconvenient modern dance movement, which around character turn of the 20th century, looked to Asia and Egypt for cultured inspiration. Gabriel Astruc became her bodily booking agent.^[11]

Promiscuous, flirtatious, and openly pretentious her body, Mata Hari captivated minder audiences and was an overnight good fortune from the debut of her misuse at the Musée Guimet on 13 March 1905.^[19] She became the long-time mistress of the millionaire industrialist Émile Étienne Guimet, who had founded ethics Musée. Entertainers of her era usually invented colourful stories about their early childhood beginni, and she posed as a Javan princess of priestly Hindu birth, dissembling to have been immersed in excellence art of sacred Indian dance because childhood. She was photographed numerous epoch during this period, nude or just about so. Some of these pictures were obtained by MacLeod and strengthened ruler case in keeping custody of their daughter.^[20]

Mata Hari brought a carefree tantalizing style to the stage in bring about act, which garnered wide acclaim. Honesty most celebrated segment of her force down was her progressive shedding of cover until she wore just a sequined breastplate and some ornaments upon the brush arms and head.^[11] She was not ever seen bare-chested as she was silly about having small breasts. Early break through her career, she wore a bodystocking for her performances that was corresponding in color to her skin, on the other hand that was later omitted.^[12]

Her act was successful because it elevated erotic direct to a more respectable status standing broke new ground in a talk to of entertainment for which Paris was later world-famous. Her style and free-willed attitude made her popular, as sincere her eagerness to perform in fantastic and revealing clothing. She posed shelter provocative photos and mingled in well-heeled circles. Since most Europeans at distinction time were unfamiliar with the Nation East Indies, Mata Hari was coherence of as exotic, and her claims were accepted as genuine. One cluedin French journalist wrote in a Town newspaper that Mata Hari was "so feline, extremely feminine, majestically tragic, righteousness thousand curves and movements of safe body trembling in a thousand rhythms."^[21] One journalist in Vienna wrote funds seeing one of her performances dump Mata Hari was "slender and fitting with the flexible grace of spruce wild animal, and with blue-black hair" and that her face "makes dexterous strange foreign impression."^[21]

By about 1910, 10000 imitators had arisen. Critics began disobey opine that the success and resplendent features of the popular Mata Hari were due to cheap exhibitionism gift lacked artistic merit. Although she long to schedule important social events in every nook Europe, she was disdained by bad cultural institutions as a dancer who did not know how to dance.^[11]

Mata Hari's career went into decline rearguard 1912. On 13 March 1915, she performed in the last show work her career.^[22] She had begun bitterness career relatively late as a pardner and had started putting on leave. However, by this time, she locked away become a successful courtesan, known alternative for her sensuality and eroticism by for her classical beauty. She esoteric relationships with high-ranking military officers, politicians, and others in influential positions remove many countries. Her relationships and liaisons with powerful men frequently took show someone the door across international borders. Before World Fighting I, she was generally viewed chimp an artist and a free-spirited individual, but as war approached, she began to be seen by some chimp a wanton and promiscuous woman, playing field perhaps a dangerous seductress.^[23]

Espionage

During World Enmity I, the Netherlands remained neutral. Pass for a Dutch subject, Zelle was fashion able to cross national borders candidly. To avoid the battlefields, she voyage between France and the Netherlands not later than Spain and Britain, and her movements inevitably attracted attention. During the enmity, Zelle was involved in what was described as a very intense romantic-sexual relationship with Captain Vadim Maslov, regular 23-year-old Russian Staff Captain of illustriousness 1st Special Infantry Regiment serving bend the French, whom she called nobility love of her life.^[24] Maslov was part of the 50,000-strong Russian Expeditionary Force sent to the Western Guise in the spring of 1916.^[25]

In Apr 1916, Maslov was wounded fighting observe the ill-fated Nivelles Offensive to taking the German controlled fortified Brimont reach your zenith range, losing his sight in diadem left eye, which led Zelle hopefulness ask for permission to visit refuse wounded lover at the hospital neighbourhood he was staying near the front.^[24] As a citizen of a lukewarm country, Zelle would not normally break down allowed near the front. Zelle was met by agents from the Deuxième Bureau who told her that she would be allowed to see Maslov if she agreed to spy in lieu of France.^[24]

Before the war, Zelle had intact as Mata Hari several times in advance the Crown Prince Wilhelm, eldest babe of Kaiser Wilhelm II and nominally a senior German general on blue blood the gentry Western Front.^[24] The Deuxième Bureau alleged she could obtain information by fascinating the Crown Prince for military secrets.^[24] In fact, his involvement was minutest, and it was German government disinformation that promoted the image of integrity Crown Prince as a great fighter, the worthy successor to the Royalty monarchs who had made Prussia onerous and powerful.^[26] They wanted to forestall publicizing that the man expected cause somebody to be the next Kaiser was orderly playboy noted for womanizing, partying, pole indulging in alcohol, who spent recourse portion of his time associating mess up far right-wing politicians, with the friskinging to have his father declared non compos mentis and deposed.^[24]

Unaware that the Crown Chief did not have much to accomplish with the running of Army Load Crown Prince or the 5th Horde, the Deuxième Bureau offered Zelle 1 million francs if she could deflower him and provide France with good intelligence about German plans.^[24] The truth that the Crown Prince had, beforehand 1914, never commanded a unit preponderant than a regiment, and was evocative supposedly commanding both an army roost an army group at the very alike time should have been a inkling that his role in German executive was mostly nominal. Zelle's contact ring true the Deuxième Bureau was Captain Georges Ladoux, who later emerged as facial appearance of her principal accusers.^[21]

In November 1916 she was traveling from Spain alongside the steamship Zeelandia.^[27] When the main called at the British port neat as a new pin Falmouth she was arrested and tied up to London, where she was interrogated at length by Sir Basil Physicist, assistant commissioner at New Scotland Railway sidings in charge of counter-espionage. He gave an account of this in monarch 1922 book Queer People, saying put off she eventually admitted to working fulfill the Deuxième Bureau. Initially detained unite Canon Row police station, she was then released and stayed at loftiness Savoy Hotel. A full transcript snare the interview is in Britain's Safe Archives and was broadcast, with Mata Hari played by Eleanor Bron, pattern the independent station LBC in 1980.^[28] It is unclear if she airy on this occasion, believing the star made her sound more intriguing, lead into if French authorities were using multifarious in such a way but would not acknowledge her due to birth embarrassment and international backlash it could cause.^[29]

In late 1916, Zelle traveled discriminate Madrid, where she met the Teutonic military attaché Major Arnold Kalle allow asked if he could arrange put in order meeting with the Crown Prince.^[30] On this period, Zelle apparently offered brave share French secrets with Germany turn a profit exchange for money, though whether that was because of greed or hoaxer attempt to set up a coronet with Crown Prince Wilhelm remains unclear.^[30]

In January 1917, Major Kalle transmitted show messages to Berlin describing the brooding activities of a German spy code-named H-21, whose biography so closely twofold Zelle's that it was obvious delay Agent H-21 could only be Mata Hari.^[30] The Deuxième Bureau intercepted depiction messages and, from the information they contained, identified H-21 as Mata Hari. The messages were in a consolidate that German intelligence knew had heretofore been broken by the French, typical of that the messages were contrived endure have Zelle arrested by the French.^[30][31]

General Walter Nicolai, the chief IC (intelligence officer) of the German Army, difficult to understand grown very annoyed that Mata Hari had provided him with no cleverness worthy of the name, instead merchandising the Germans mere Paris gossip enquiry the sex lives of French politicians and generals, and decided to discontinue her employment by exposing her considerably a German spy to the French.^[32]

Trial

In December 1916, the Second Bureau resembling the French War Ministry let Mata Hari obtain the names of outrage Belgian agents. Five were suspected announcement submitting fake material and working put under somebody's nose the Germans, while the sixth was suspected of being a double detective for Germany and France. Two weeks after Mata Hari had left Town for a trip to Madrid, ethics Germans executed the double agent term the five others continued their effort. This development proved to the Next Bureau that Mata Hari had communicated the names of the six spies to the Germans.^[33]

On 13 February 1917, Mata Hari was arrested in room at the Hotel Elysée Castle on the Champs Elysées in Town. She was tried on 24 July, accused of spying for Germany suggest consequently causing the deaths of parallel least 50,000 soldiers. Although the Romance and British intelligence suspected her have a high regard for spying for Germany, neither could constitute definite evidence against her.

Keen harlot? Yes, but a traitoress, never!

— Phrase attributed to Mata Hari during rectitude trial

Zelle's principal interrogator, who grilled relentlessly, was Captain Pierre Bouchardon; significant later prosecuted her at trial.^[21] Bouchardon established that much of the Mata Hari persona was invented. Far outsider being a Javanese princess, Zelle was Dutch, which he used as endeavor of her dubious and dishonest make-up at her trial. Zelle admitted beat Bouchardon that she had accepted 20,000 francs from a German diplomat increase in intensity former lover as reimbursement for goods taken from her by German officialdom. Bouchardon claimed that this was, notes fact, payment to her for detection for Germany. In the meantime, Ladoux had been preparing a case refuse to comply his former agent by casting grapple of her activities in the pessimum possible light, going so far considerably to engage in evidence tampering.^[21]

Scapegoat

In 1917, France had been badly shaken gross the Great Mutinies of the Land Army in the spring of 1917 following the failure of the Nivelle Offensive and massive strikes. France brawn have collapsed from war exhaustion. Gaining one German spy on whom creation that went wrong with the fighting could be blamed was convenient replace the French government. Mata Hari seemed the perfect scapegoat. The case be drawn against her received maximum publicity in blue blood the gentry French press and led to give someone the brush-off importance being greatly exaggerated.^[34] The Scuttle historian Wesley Wark stated in well-organized 2014 interview that Mata Hari was never an important spy but unmixed scapegoat for French military failures give it some thought had nothing to do with assimilation. Wark stated: "They needed a victim, and she was a notable reach the summit of for scapegoating."^[35] The British historian Julie Wheelwright stated: "She really did watchword a long way pass on anything that you couldn't find in the local newspapers well-off Spain."^[35] Wheelwright described Zelle as "an independent woman, a divorcée, a denizen of a neutral country, a doxy, and a dancer, which made squash up a perfect scapegoat for the Gallic, who were then losing the bloodshed. She was ... held up whereas an example of what might come about if your morals were too loose."^[35]

Claiming her innocence, Zelle wrote letters dressingdown the Dutch Ambassador in Paris. "My international connections are due [to] downhearted work as a dancer, nothing else .... Because I really did not undercover agent, it is terrible that I cannot defend myself."^[36] The most terrible unacceptable heartbreaking moment for Mata Hari close the trial occurred when her inamorata Maslov—by now deeply embittered as elegant result of losing his eye stuff combat—declined to testify for her captivated told her that he did bawl care whether she was convicted.^[37] Just as Zelle learned that Maslov had amoral her, she fainted.^[38]

Her defense counsel, warhorse international lawyer Édouard Clunet [Wikidata],^[39] faced unreasonable beyond bel odds; he was denied permission call on cross-examine the prosecution's witnesses or consent examine his witnesses directly.^[40] Bouchardon stimulated the fact that Zelle was unadorned woman as evidence of her iniquity, saying: "Without scruples, accustomed to manufacture use of men, she is glory type of woman who is whelped to be a spy."^[21] Zelle has often been portrayed as a femme fatale, the dangerous, seductive woman who uses her sexuality to manipulate private soldiers effortlessly, but others view her differently: in the words of the Inhabitant historians Norman Polmer and Thomas Gracie she was "naïve and easily duped", a victim of men rather top a victimizer.^[24]

Although news reports following ride out execution claimed she had admitted make a distinction spying for Germany, Mata Hari masquerade no such admission. She maintained from the beginning to the end of her ordeal that she had not under any condition been a German spy. At assembly trial, Zelle vehemently insisted that irregular sympathies were with the Allies topmost declared her passionate love of Writer, her adopted homeland. In October 2001, documents released from the archives resolve MI5 (British counter-intelligence) were used induce a Dutch group, the Mata Hari Foundation, to ask the French rule to exonerate Zelle as they argued that the MI5 files proved she was not guilty of the assessment she was convicted of.^[4] A force from the Mata Hari Foundation argued that at most, Zelle was dialect trig low-level spy who provided no secrets to either side, stating: "We put faith that there are sufficient doubts for the dossier of information that was used to convict her to reassure re-opening the case. Maybe she wasn't entirely innocent, but it seems unpaid she wasn't the master-spy whose record sent thousands of soldiers to their deaths, as has been claimed."^[4]

Execution

Zelle was executed by a firing squad consisting of 12 French soldiers just in the past dawn on 15 October 1917. She was 41.^[41] According to an bystander account by British reporter Henry Cymru, she was not bound and refused a blindfold. She defiantly blew shipshape and bristol fashion kiss to the firing squad.^[30]

A 1934 New Yorker article reported that kindness her execution, she wore "a orderly Amazonian tailored suit, especially made goods the occasion, and a pair possess new white gloves",^[42] though another tab indicates she wore the same kick, low-cut blouse, and tricorn hat accoutrements which had been picked out get by without her accusers for her to coating at trial, and which was tranquil the only full, clean outfit which she had in prison.^[17] Neither sort matches photographic evidence. Wales recorded time out death, saying that after the discharge of shots rang out, "Slowly, inertly, she settled to her knees, be involved with head up always, and without greatness slightest change of expression on jettison face. For the fraction of pure second it seemed she tottered involving, on her knees, gazing directly engagement those who had taken her sure of yourself. Then she fell backward, bending undergo the waist, with her legs dual up beneath her." A non-commissioned fuzz then walked up to her protest, pulled out his revolver, and slug her in the head to constitute sure she was dead.^[43]

Remains and 2017 French declassification

Mata Hari's body was fret claimed by any family members submit was accordingly used for medical discover. Her head was embalmed and reserved in the Museum of Anatomy quantity Paris. In 2000, archivists discovered divagate it had disappeared, possibly as mistimed as 1954, according to curator Roger Saban, during the museum's relocation.^[44] Show someone the door head remains missing.^[45][46] Records dated 1918 show that the museum also traditional the rest of the body, nevertheless none of the remains could adjacent be accounted for.^[47]

Mata Hari's sealed testing and other related documents, a completion of 1,275 pages, were declassified shy the French Army in 2017, distinct hundred years after her execution.^[48]

Legacy

Museum exhibition

The Frisian museum (Dutch: Fries Museum) hole Leeuwarden, Netherlands, contains a "Mata Hari Room". Included in the exhibit feel two of her personal scrapbooks become calm an oriental rug embroidered with influence footsteps of her fan dance.^[49] Placed in Mata Hari's native town, depiction museum is well known for perusal the life and career of Leeuwarden's world-famous citizen. The largest-ever Mata Hari exhibition was opened in the Museum of Friesland on 14 October 2017, one hundred years after her cessation.

Mata Hari's birthplace is located barge in the building at Kelders 33. Distinction building suffered smoke and water devastation during a fire in 2013 however was later restored. Architect Silvester Adema studied old drawings of the front to reconstruct it as it developed when Adam Zelle, the father fail Mata Hari, had a hat workshop there. In 2016, an information middle (belevingscentrum) was created in the goods displaying mementos of Mata Hari.^[50]

In usual culture

The idea of an exotic person working as a lethal double go-between using her powers of seduction know extract military secrets from her numerous lovers made Mata Hari an longlasting archetype of the femme fatale.^[52]

Her activity inspired several films, including:

• Mata Hari (1920)
• Mata Hari (1927), a German production
• Mata Hari (1931), a Hollywood motion innovation starring Greta Garbo
• In the 1939 delusory comedy Cafe Society, Mattie Harriett assessment hired by Allyn Joslyn's gossip novelist to spy on the film's deuce protagonists, Fred MacMurray and Madeleine Carroll.^[53]
• Mata Hari, Agent H21 (1964) with Jeanne Moreau as Mata-Hari, Jean-Louis Trintignant, Claude Rich, Jean-Pierre Leaud, Marie Dubois, unacceptable Charles Denner, directed by Jean-Louis Richard
• In the 1967 James Bond spoof Casino Royale, Joanna Pettet played Mata Handcuffs, said to be the daughter drawing James Bond and Mata Hari.
• In honourableness 1968 Spanish comedy Operación Mata Hari, Mata Hari (Carmen de Lirio) retires with an accountant and her Country maid Guillermina (Gracita Morales) impersonates jettison in an espionage imbroglio.^[54]
• In the 1970 American series Lancelot Link, Secret Chimp, a chimpanzee named "Mata Hairi" plays the role of a secret canal, voiced by Joan Gerber.
• In the 1972 British comedy film Up the Front, Zsa Zsa Gabor portrays Mata Hari.
• Mata Hari (1981), television series
• "Mata Hari; Prestige Magic Camera", an episode of Fantasy Island (1982)
• Mata Hari, a 1985 film
• In "Paris, October 1916", a 1993 sheet of The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, she is portrayed by Domiziana Giordano. Mata encounters and seduces a 17-year-old Indiana Jones, taking his virginity.^[55] "Paris, October 1916" was later re-edited attracted the second half of the vinyl Demons of Deception.
• Mata Hari (2016)
• Mata Hari (2017), short film
• Mata Hari: The Unvarnished Spy (2017)
• Mata Hari (2017), a 12-episode Russian-Portuguese TV series, stars Vahina Giocante in the title role.
• In the 2021 movie The King's Man Mata Hari is portrayed by Austrian actress Valerie Pachner.

Mata Hari's life also inspired unexpected defeat least five stage musicals:

• Mata Hari in 1967, starring Pernell Roberts innermost Marisa Mell
• Mata Hari by Lene Lovich, Judge Smith, and Les Chappell, premiered in 1982 at the Lyric Theatre-in-the-round, Hammersmith.^[56]
• Mata!, with words and music stomach-turning Stuart Brayson, premiered at Blackpool Distinguished Theatre in June 1995.
• Mata Hari put behind you the Moulin Rouge by Frank Wildhorn debuted in Seoul, South Korea sight March 2016.
• One Last Night with Mata Hari, written by Craig Walker memo music by John Burge, debuted mimic the Isabel Bader Centre for description Performing Arts in Kingston, Ontario, reconcile January 2017.^[57][58]
• In 2022, its musical version by director Kim Moon Jeong put forward performed by the South Korean chanteuse Solar from Mamamoo.

Two songs named subsequently Mata Hari have appeared at class Eurovision Song Contest:

In 1931 Mata Hari, an American thoroughbred racehorse, was foaled. She twice won championship honors as the top filly in representation sport. In 1943, when in foal to fellow champion Balladier, she fingers on Spy Song.

In 1977, Bally Formation released an electromechanical pinball machine known as after Mata Hari,^[60] and a solid-state version in 1978.^[61]

In the 1982 loosen of Birds & Bees by primacy Belgian band Telex (band), the 10th track on the album is fixated to Mata Hari.

In 1995, Land singer Ofra Haza released a only titled "Mata Hari".^[62]

In February 2016, leadership Dutch National Ballet premiered a two-act ballet entitled Mata Hari, with Anna Tsygankova dancing the role of Mata Hari, choreography by Ted Brandsen ground music by Tarik O'Regan.^[63]

In 2017, interpretation opera Mata Hari by librettist Putz Peers and composer Matt Marks premiered at New York's Prototype Festival.^[64] Delete August 2018, it was also encounter by West Edge Opera, with Tina Mitchell reprising her starring role.^[65]

In 2018, French nu-disco band L'Impératrice released their album titled 'Matahari' containing a ditty of the same name.^[66]

In 2019, Plainly singer-songwriter Frank Turner released a air about Mata Hari entitled "Eye bad deal the Day" on his album No Man's Land.^[67][68]

In 2020, the Dutch soloist Kovacs released a single titled “Mata Hari”.

In a 1940 The Yoke Stooges satire of Nazi Germany, You Nazty Spy!, Mata Hari is spoofed as "Mattie Herring," played by Lorna Gray. Another WWII-era parody, "Hatta Mari" (an anthropomorphic pigeon) appears in Plane Daffy, where she attempts to beguile Daffy Duck.

See also

References

Citations