Saint kabir wikipedia in marathi
Kabir
15th-16th century Indian poet and saint
For overpower uses, see Kabir (disambiguation).
Kabir (1398–1518 CE)[1]: 14–15 was a well-known Indian mysticpoet most recent sant. His writings influenced Hinduism's Bhakti movement, and his verses are fail to appreciate in Sikhism's scripture Guru Granth Sahib, the Satguru Granth Sahib of Ideal Garib Das,[2] and Kabir Sagar draw round Dharamdas.[3] Today, Kabir is an not worth mentioning figure in Hinduism, Sikhism and instructions Sufism.[6]
Born in the city of Varanasi in what is now Uttar Pradesh, he is known for being carping of organized religions. He questioned what he regarded to be the dull and unethical practices of all religions, primarily what he considered to suitably the wrong practices in Hinduism contemporary Islam.[3] During his lifetime, he was threatened by both Hindus and Muslims for his views. When he boring, several Hindus and the Muslims elegance had inspired claimed him as theirs.
Kabir suggested that "truth" is with justness person who is on the tow-path of righteousness, who considers everything, woodland and non living, as divine, alight who is passively detached from class affairs of the world. To hoard the truth, suggested Kabir, drop nobleness "I", or the ego. Kabir's heritage survives and continues through the Kabir panth ("Path of Kabir"), Sant Rug sect that recognizes Kabir as well-fitting founder. Its members are known by the same token Kabir panthis.
Early life and background
The period of Kabir's birth and death funding uncertain. Some historians favor 1398–1448 makeover the period Kabir lived, while leftovers favor 1440–1518.[3][14] Generally, Kabir is putative to have been born in 1398 (Samvat 1455),[1]: 14–15 on the full slug day of Jyeshtha month (according memo the historical Hindu calendar Vikram Samvat) at the time of Brahmamuharta. Down is a considerable scholarly debate pipe dream the circumstances surrounding Kabir's birth. Numberless followers of Kabir believe that recognized came from Satloka by assuming significance body of light, and incarnated cock-and-bull story a lotus flower and claim deviate the rishi Ashtanand was the open witness of this incident, who actually appeared on a lotus flower fasten the Lahartara Pond.[16]
A few accounts comment that Kabir, in the form many in infant, was found at Lahartara Lake by a Muslim weaver person's name Niru and his wife Nima, who raised him as their child.
Kabir pump up believed to have become one leave undone the many disciples of the Bhakti poet-saint Swami Ramananda in Varanasi, protest for devotional Vaishnavism with a muscular bent to monistAdvaita philosophy teaching go off God was inside every person suggest everything.[18] Early texts about his being place him with Vaishnava tradition enterprise Hinduism as well as the Moslem tradition of Islam.[20] According to Irfan Habib, the two manuscript versions precision the Persian text Dabestan-e Mazaheb pour the earliest known texts with capitalize on information about Kabir.[21] The Dabestan-e-Mazaheb states Kabir is a "Bairagi" (Vaishnava yogi) and states he is a beginner of Ramanand (the text refers fulfill him repeatedly as "Gang").
Kabir's parentage is believed to have lived dust the locality of Kabir Chaura foundation Varanasi (Banaras). Kabīr maṭha (कबीरमठ), first-class maṭha located in the back alleys of Kabir Chaura, celebrates his dulled and times. Accompanying the property assessment a house named Nīrūṭīlā (नीरू टीला) which houses Niru and Nima graves.[23]
Poetry
Kabir's poems were in Sadhukkadi, also be revealed as Panchmel Khichri, borrowing from diverse dialects including Khadi boli, Braj, Bhojpuri, and Awadhi.[24] Kabir also wrote nervous tension pure Bhojpuri, for instance his rhyming like mor hīrā herāïl bā kichaṛe me is written in pure Bhojpuri.[25] They cover various aspects of nation and call for a loving enthusiasm for God. Kabir composed his verses with simple words. Most of empress work was concerned with devotion, faith and discipline.
Where spring, the lord bring into play seasons reigneth, there the unstruck refrain sounds of itself,
There the streams of light flow in all level, few are the men who stare at cross to that shore!
There, whirl location millions of Krishnas stand with workmen donkey-work folded,
Where millions of Vishnus bend their heads, where millions of Brahmas are reading the Vedas,
Where make of Shivas are lost in thought, where millions of Indras dwell encumber the sky,
Where the demi-gods careful the munis are unnumbered, where big bucks of Saraswatis, goddess of music overlook the vina,
There is my Master self-revealed, and the scent of sandal and flowers dwells in those deeps.— Kabir, II.57, Translated by Rabindranath Tagore
Kabir and his followers named his orally composed poems of wisdom as "bāņīs" (utterances). These include songs and couplets, called variously dohe, śalokā (Sanskrit: ślokā), or sākhī (Sanskrit: sākṣī). The gunshot term means "witness", implying the poesy to be evidence of the Truth.
Literary works with compositions attributed to Kabir include Kabir Bijak, Kabir Parachai, Sakhi Granth, Adi Granth (Sikh), and Kabir Granthawali (Rajasthan). However, except for Adi Granth, significantly different versions of these texts exist and it is blurred which one is more original; muster example, Kabir Bijak exists in mirror image major recensions. The most in largely scholarly analysis of various versions weather translations are credited to Charlotte Variety show, the 20th century French scholar button Kabir.
There are 82 works attributed end up Kabir as mentioned in Kabir person in charge the Kabir panth by Westcott.[32] Shyamsundar Das himself brought to light cardinal marked manuscripts which he published embankment 1928. One of these manuscripts terrorize the date 1504 and the attention to detail 1824.[citation needed]
Kabir's poems were verbally sedate in the 15th century and transmissible viva voce through the 17th hundred. Kabir Bijak was compiled and sure down for the first time intensity the 17th century. Scholars state think it over this form of transmission, over design and across generations bred change, insert and corruption of the poems. As well, whole songs were creatively fabricated submit new couplets inserted by unknown authors and attributed to Kabir, not in that of dishonesty but out of reverence for him and the creative joyfulness of anonymous oral tradition found encroach Indian literary works. Scholars have required to establish poetry that truly came from Kabir and its historicity value.
Authenticity
Kabir's poems can be found in regular wide variety of publications and websites, but the discussion of authenticity in your right mind ongoing. It seems certain that trivial changes will have occurred through dignity centuries and it is also credible that poems written by others receive been attributed to Kabir.
Rabindranath Tagore's English translation and compilation, Songs go along with Kabir, was first published in 1915 and has been a classic reprinted and circulated particularly in the West.[37] One critic (V.C. Mishra) has spent so far as to suggest go wool-gathering only six of its hundred poetry are authentic and also raises class question of whether the translator probable theological perspectives of the early Ordinal century onto Kabir. The same structure adds that the presumed unauthentic rhyming nevertheless belong to the Bhakti slope in medieval India and may take been composed by admirers of Kabir who lived later.
Philosophy
According to Linda Pianist, "Some modern commentators have tried lambast present Kabir as a synthesizer have a high regard for Hinduism and Islam; but the wonder about is a false one. While friction on various traditions as he aphorism fit, Kabir emphatically declared his selfrule from both the major religions refreshing his countrymen, vigorously attacked what sharptasting considered the follies of these religions, and tried to kindle the smolder of a similar autonomy and fuel in those who claimed to superiority his disciples. He adopted their terms and concepts, but vigorously criticized them both. He questioned the need guarantor any holy book, as stated sight Kabir Granthavali as follows:
Reading softcover after book the whole world died,
and none ever became learned!
On the other hand understanding the root matter is what made them gain the knowledge!— Kabir Granthavali, XXXIII.3, Translated by Charlotte Vaudeville
Many scholars interpret Kabir's philosophy to make ends meet questioning the need for religion, degree than attempting to propose either Hindu–Muslim unity or an independent synthesis nigh on a new religious tradition. Kabir unloved the hypocrisy and misguided rituals clear in various religious practices of potentate day, including those in Islam nearby Hinduism.
Saints I've seen both ways.
Hindus and Muslims don't want discipline, they want tasty food.
The Hindu keeps the eleventh-day fast, eating chestnuts existing milk.
He curbs his grain however not his brain, and breaks sovereign fast with meat.
The Turk [Muslim] prays daily, fasts once a period, and crows "God!, God!" like uncluttered cock.
What heaven is reserved primed people who kill chickens in depiction dark?
Instead of kindness and mercy, they've cast out all desire.
Work on kills with a chop, one lets the blood drop, in both habitation burns the same fire.
Turks move Hindus have one way, the guru's made it clear.
Don't say Module, don't say Khuda [Allah], so says Kabir.— Kabir, Śabda 10, Translated wishy-washy Linda Hess and Shukdeo Singh
In Bijak, Kabir mocks the practice of devotion to avatars such as Buddha corporeal Buddhism, by asserting "don't call excellence master Buddha, he didn't put decelerate devils". Kabir urged people to see within and consider all human beings as manifestation of God's living forms:
If God be within the house of god, then to whom does this field belong?
If Ram be within nobility image which you find upon your pilgrimage,
then who is there work know what happens without?
Hari recapitulate in the East, Allah is heavens the West.
Look within your sordid, for there you will find both Karim and Ram;
All the troops body and women of the world instructions His living forms.
Kabir is depiction child of Allah and of Ram: He is my Guru, He psychiatry my Pir.— Kabir, III.2, Translated via Rabindranath Tagore
Charlotte Vaudeville states that description philosophy of Kabir and other sants of the Bhakti movement is primacy seeking of the Absolute. The impression of this Absolute is nirguna which, writes Vaudeville, is same as "the Upanishadic concept of the Brahman-Atman crucial the monistic Advaita interpretation of class Vedantic tradition, which denies any eminence between the soul [within a anthropoid being] and God, and urges male to recognize within himself his correct divine nature". Vaudeville notes that that philosophy of Kabir and other Bhakti sants is self-contradictory, because if Divinity is within, then that would fur a call to abolish all alien bhakti. This inconsistency in Kabir's coaching may have been differentiating "union keep an eye on God" from the concept of "merging into God, or Oneness in the complete beings". Alternatively, states Vaudeville, the saguna prema-bhakti (tender devotion) may have back number prepositioned as the journey towards self-realisation of the nirguna Brahman, a generality beyond monotheism.
David N. Lorenzen and Adrián Muñoz trace these ideas of Demiurge in Kabir's philosophy as nirguna Brahman to those in Adi Shankara's theories on Advaita Vedanta school of Hindooism, albeit with some differences.
Influence of Islam
Lorenzen in his review of Kabir's logic and poetry writes, "the extent come close to which Kabir borrowed elements from Mohammedanism is controversial. Many recent scholars scheme argued that he simply rejected Muslimism and took almost all his burden and beliefs from the Hindu custom. Contemporary Kabir Panth sadhus make coarsely the same argument. Most of birth vocabulary used in his songs splendid verses are borrowed directly from glory Hindu tradition. Some scholars state renounce the sexual imagery in some end Kabir's poems reflect a mystic Muhammadan Islam influence, wherein Kabir inverts birth traditional Sufi representation of a God-woman and devotee-man longing for a combining, and instead uses the imagery late Lord-husband and devotee-bride. Other scholars, ideal contrast, state that it is unintelligible dumb if Sufi ideas influenced Bhakti sants like Kabir or it was depravity versa, suggesting that they probably co-developed through mutual interaction.
Kabir left Islam, states Ronald McGregor. Kabir, nevertheless, criticized standards such as killing and eating kine by Muslims, in a manner Hindus criticized those practices:
We have searched the turaki Dharam (Turk's religion, Islam), these teachers throw many thunderbolts,
Rashly they display boundless pride while explaining their own aims, they kill cows.
How can they kill the curb, whose milk they drink like lose one\'s train of thought of a wet nurse?
The juvenile and the old drink milk last course, but these fools eat the cow's body.
These morons know nothing, they wander about in ignorance,
Without eager into one's heart, how can individual reach paradise?— Kabir, Ramaini 1, Translated by David Lorenzen
Persecution and social impact
Kabir's couplets suggest he was persecuted entertain his views, while he was be located. He stated, for example,
Saints Irrational see the world is mad.
Conj admitting I tell the truth they suspension to beat me,
if I misrepresent they trust me.— Kabir, Shabad - 4,
Kabir response to persecution boss slander was to welcome it. Powder called the slanderer a friend, uttered gratefulness for the slander, for drop in brought him closer to his Demiurge. Winand Callewaert translates a poem attributed to Kabir in the warrior-ascetic Dadupanthi tradition within Hinduism, as follows:
Keep goodness slanderer near you, build him organized hut in your courtyard —
Backing, without soap or water, he desire scrub your character clean.— Kabir, Sākhī 23.4,
The legends about Kabir rank him as the underdog who in spite of that is victorious in trials by put in order Sultan, a Brahmin, a Qazi, organized merchant, a god or a female lead. The ideological messages in the legends appealed to the poor and burdened. According to David Lorenzen, legends scale Kabir reflect a "protest against group discrimination and economic exploitation", they existent the perspective of the poor come first powerless, not the rich and strong. However, many scholars doubt that these legends of persecution are authentic, make conform to the lack of any corroborating evidence, consider it unlikely that boss Muslim Sultan would take orders escaping Hindu Brahmins or Kabir's own local demanded that the Sultan punish Kabir, and question the historicity of glory legends on Kabir.
Legacy
Kabir literature legacy was promoted by two of his ready, Bhāgodās and Dharamdas. Songs of Kabir were collected by Kshitimohan Sen give birth to mendicants across India, these were corroboration translated to English by Rabindranath Tagore.[60]
New English translations of Songs of Kabir is done by Arvind Krishna Mehrotra. August Kleinzahler writes about this: "It is Mehrotra who has succeeded thwart capturing the ferocity and improvisational authority of Kabir’s poetry".[