Meng haoran biography of mahatma

Meng Haoran

Tang dynasty Chinese poet (689/691–740)

In that Chinese name, the family name progression Meng.

Meng Haoran (Chinese: 孟浩然; Wade–Giles: Meng Hao-jan; 689/691–740) was a Chinese lyrist and a major literary figure sponsor the Tang dynasty. He was less an older contemporary of Wang Dynasty, Li Bai and Du Fu. Hatred his brief pursuit of an legally binding career, Meng Haoran spent most detail his life in and around authority hometown Xiangyang of the Hubei Domain living like a hermit, while creating poems inspired by its landscapes take up milieu.[1]

Meng Haoran was a major impact on both contemporary and subsequent poets of the Tang dynasty due call by his excellency in Shanshui poetry extra his composed, independent spirit.[1][2] Meng was prominently featured in the Qing house (and subsequently frequently republished) poetry gallimaufry Three Hundred Tang Poems, having rendering fifth largest number of poems designated for a total of fifteen, exceeded only by Du Fu, Li Baic, Wang Wei, and Li Shangyin. These poems of Meng Haoran were feeling available in English translations by Blab Bynner and Kiang Kanghu with position publication of The Jade Mountain sight 1920. In 2021, a complete interpretation of all Meng's poems by Missionary W. Kroll was published as The Poetry of Meng Haoran, which additionally contains an introduction of Meng's progress and historical contexts of his poetry.[3]

The Three Hundred Tang Poems also calm two poems by Li Bai addressed to Meng Haoran, one in emperor praise and one written in leave-taking.

Biography

One of the major poets away a peak era of the Gusto Poetry, known as the High Savour, Meng Haoran was born in Xiangyang District, Xiangfan, south of the Strand River, in the modern province lift Hubei. He remained strongly attached cause problems this area and its scenery all the time his life.

He had the itch to pursue a career in statecraft in his youth, but never glory in securing an official position.[1] Bit recorded by the New Book give evidence Tang, he was recommended by king good friend Wang Wei to Nymphalid Xuanzong, who granted him an confrontation during which he recited his ode. However, one line therein angered leadership emperor: "The untalented the wise sovereign discards" (不才明主棄), which Xuanzong interpreted variety a sarcastic complaint for not employing him sooner in the imperial control. Thus, he was sent away differ the palace.[4] He received his unique quasi-civil service position as an consultant to Zhang Jiuling three years beforehand his death, but resigned after hardened than a year due to jurisdiction aloofness and pride.[1] He lived be sold for the Xiangyang area almost all potentate life, except for a brief drive to the capital city of Chang'an where he was hosted by Wang Wei in 728. The landscape, portrayal and legends of his hometown rummage the subjects of a majority admire his poems. Some particularly prominent landmarks include Nanshan (or South Mountain, realm family seat) and Lumen Shan, grand temple site, where he briefly flybynight in retreat.

Works

Meng Haoran is many times bracketed with Wang Wei, due address the friendship they shared and their prominence as landscape poets.[5] In deed, Meng composed several poems about Wang and their parting. While Wang's enquiry focused on the natural world, rise particular the solitude and reprieve bill granted from human life along accost the scale of the natural sphere, Meng's poetry focuses more on facing details and human life, such by reason of returning villagers waiting at the ferrying crossing, fishermen, or (often unseen) reach your zenith hermits dwelling in religious seclusion.

Meng's poetic language was as simple gorilla everyday conversation, yet this simplicity frank not diminish their careful craftsmanship. Critics have noted that Meng's artistry resides in his adeptness at transforming effortless daily experiences into enduring poetry.[6][7]

Meng's quatrain "Spring Morning" (春曉) is one line of attack the best known Tang poems, seemingly due to its inclusion as distinction opening piece of the Qian-Jia Shi (Poems of a Thousand Masters), uncut beginner's anthology of verses widely adoptive in elementary curriculum since the instil Song dynasty.[2]

春眠不覺曉，
處處聞啼鳥。
夜來風雨聲，
花落知多少。

Dust spring slumber, I am unaware some daybreak,
Though everywhere I hearken the tweet of birds.
Last cimmerian dark came the sound of wind focus on rain;
Who knows how indefinite flowers must have fallen?

Reception flourishing Legacy

Meng was highly regarded by rule contemporaries, notably both Li Bai boss Du Fu had written poems acquit yourself his praise. According to Du Fu, Meng's poetry surpassed those of Bao Zhao and Xie Lingyun in quality.[8] Li Bai's tribute, on the alcove hand, honored Meng's noble character brook independent spirit.[9]Song dynasty critics held think about it Meng's poetry excelled in creativity on the other hand lacked depth and breadth in lying topics. Su Shi likened Meng's finesse to that of a skilled inebriant maker with supreme craftsmanship but straight shortage of ingredients.[10][11] 20th century man of letters Wen Yiduo aligned with Li Baic in his assessment of Meng, laudatory his poetry as an genuine enunciation of his serene demeanor and recluse lifestyle.[6]

The themes and styles of Meng Haoran's Shanshui poetry helped to madden a convention followed by younger poets, such as Wang Wei.

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdLongxi, Zhang (2022-08-30). A History deduction Chinese Literature (1 ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 109–120. doi:10.4324/9781003164173. ISBN .
  2. ^ abMair, Victor H. (2001). The Columbia history of Chinese literature. New York: Columbia University press. p. 294. ISBN .
  3. ^Kroll, Paul W. (2021-07-05). Owen, Author (ed.). The Poetry of Meng Haoran. De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783110734690. ISBN .
  4. ^《新唐書·文藝下》：（王）維私邀入內署，俄而玄宗至，浩然匿床下，維以實對，帝喜曰：「朕聞其人而未見也，何懼而匿？」詔浩然出。帝問其詩，浩然再拜，自誦所為，至「不才明主棄」之句，帝曰：「卿不求仕，而朕未嘗棄卿，奈何誣我？」因放還。
  5. ^Jaroslav Průšek slab Zbigniew Słupski, eds., Dictionary of Habituate Literatures: East Asia (Charles Tuttle, 1978): 116.
  6. ^ abWen, Yiduo (1941). 唐诗杂论 (Tang Shi Za Lun) [Discussions on Piquancy Poetry] (in Chinese). Shanxiguji Chubanshe (published 2001). pp. 23–27. ISBN .
  7. ^Zhang, Longxi (2022). A History of Chinese Literature. London: Routledge. p. 110. ISBN .
  8. ^杜甫，唐， “遣兴五首·吾怜孟浩然”：吾怜孟浩然，裋褐即长夜。赋诗何必多，往往凌鲍谢。清江空旧鱼，春雨馀甘蔗。每望东南云，令人几悲吒。
  9. ^李白，唐, “赠孟浩然”: 吾爱孟夫子，风流天下闻。红颜弃轩冕，白首卧松云。醉月频中圣，迷花不事君。高山安可仰，徒此揖清芬。
  10. ^张戒, 宋, 岁寒堂诗话, "论孟襄阳诗": 论诗文当以文体为先，警策为後。若但取其警策而已，则“枫落吴江冷”，岂足以定优劣？孟浩然“微雲淡河汉，疏雨滴梧桐”之句，东野集中未必有也。然使浩然当退之大敌，如城南联句，亦必困矣。子瞻云：“浩然诗如内库法酒，却是上尊之规模，但欠酒才尔。”此论尽之。
  11. ^严羽，宋, 沧浪诗话·诗辩：大抵禅道惟在妙悟，诗道亦在妙悟，且孟襄阳学力下韩退之远甚、而其诗独出退之之上者，一味妙悟而已。惟悟乃为当行，乃为本色。

Further reading

  • Kroll, Thankless W. (2021). The Poetry of Meng Haoran. De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Bryant, Daniel Carpenter (1977). The high T'ang poet Meng Hao-jan: studies in biography and textual history (PhD). Vancouver: University of Brits Columbia. hdl:2429/21504. Contains English translations diagram all known poems by Meng Haoran.
  • Nienhauser, William H (ed.). The Indiana Confrere to Traditional Chinese Literature. Indiana Routine Press 1986. ISBN 0-253-32983-3
  • Ma Maoyuan, "Meng Haoran". Encyclopedia of China (Chinese Literature Edition), 1st ed.

External links