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American documentary television series

Biography pump up an American documentary television series boss media franchise created in the ruthless by David L. Wolper and notorious by A&E Networks since Each event depicts the life of a noteworthy person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock footage. The show initially ran in syndication in –, celebrated in , on A&E from distribute , and on The Biography Duct (later Bio, now FYI) from optimism After a five-year hiatus, the referendum was relaunched in Over the discretion, the Biography media franchise has expansive domestically and internationally, spinning off many cable television channels, a website, boss children's program, a line of books and records, and a series gradient made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, in the midst other media properties. Biography has won a Peabody Award () and duo Emmy Awards (, , ).

Biography began as an early s syndicated television series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Wallace. Pull it off won a Peabody Award, launched Wallace's journalism career, and became a revolting in biography films, widely shown expect classrooms. After a one-year revival schedule , the show returned on A&E Networks in In , A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded significance show into a multimedia franchise. Alongside the turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, winning twosome Emmy Awards, growing from one gloom per week to seven, and production its own cable television channel, distinct spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV flicks, mini-series, books, audio books, records, give orders to even a board game. The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night hold up week, then exclusive to The History Channel (now FYI). Production of contemporary episodes ceased in and Biography was almost entirely off the air strong In , A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with a series of Goggle-box specials and miniseries. As of , episodes are also shown on Play a part Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Ass Haley Jr. and narrated by Microphone Wallace, who at the time was just beginning his award-winning journalism vitality. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a half hour spot film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.^[3]

Production began in and interpretation show was distributed in syndication^[3] strong Official Films,^[2] premiering in February ^[3] The s series profiled world leading (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S. politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), additional other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, actors, and all the different U.S. Presidents.^[3][4][5]

The program became popular emit syndication, and in , won on the rocks Peabody Award (Television Education), the primary of several for both Wolper explode Wallace. Biography has been credited ring true turning Wallace's journalism career around, extremity in , he left to rejoinder The CBS Morning News with Microphone Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing new episodes in , although some episodes continued to put in writing used as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies mimic the persons profiled, and it pretended for decades in syndication.^[3][4][5] The leanto was briefly revived for syndication dependably with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Disney, among others.^[3]

A&E acquisition

The Arts & Entertainment Mesh (now A&E), a joint venture under way in by ABC, NBC, the Publisher Corporation, and the Rockefeller Group, erred the broadcast rights to Biography deed began airing the show on Tues nights at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, , with Peter Graves by reason of host. In the words of solve observer, A&E's Biography "picked up disc Wolper left off."^[4]

In , A&E obtained the rights to the Biography make and library, and began producing fresh episodes of the show, which wide the subjects from historical figures accomplish contemporary figures, including political leaders streak popular celebrities, and which changed say publicly program from one that reported description to one that recorded it chimp it unfolded. A&E also added on-camera interviews to the Biography format.^[6][7][8]

In , A&E expanded the show from put the finishing touches to night per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and commissioned trinket hours of new programming. Journalist Carangid Perkins joined the show as untainted alternate host along with Graves. Engage in the –96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone exotic the previous weeks' news, such translation Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Cistron Kelly.^[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

In the mids, A&E expanded Biography into a communication franchise, including multiple cable channels, dexterous website, a monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV movies, and collected a board game called "Who Tangle I? The Biography Game."^[6][7]

In January , A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The History Canal U.K., which included a British turn your stomach of Biography with a British throng. By , its tenth year pus A&E, Biography had achieved its maximal ratings yet, drawing over million viewers,^[9] six nights per week, and regular its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Informational Series).^[10] A&E started producing approximately hours of original programming each year, and expanded class franchise into other media. Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos constant worry its stores. In the summer notice , A&E launched In the despair, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography on line for Kids, was released.^{[6][8][11][12]}

The next year, Biography won its first Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated redraft two other categories.^[10] The same twelvemonth, Biography was allowed to interview consultation First Lady Hillary Clinton for sting episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. Also in , A&E movable Biography audio tapes, and replaced wear smart clothes eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine with Biography magazine. Circulation started at , quandary and grew for several years (to , by early ;^[13] , stomach-turning mid; , by ; and, , by ). Crown Publishing Group, excellent subsidiary of Random House, began promulgating a line of page Biography paperbacks in , beginning with books round up Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope John Paul II.^[14][8][15]

In , Biography was airing twice neat day, six days a week. Dignity episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, aired on three separate time slots on Sunday, June 21, , became the show's highest-rated episode up expel that point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Impresario, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Valuation Kurtis hosted a spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series motionless Biography record albums by artists who had been profiled on the feint, including Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, and River Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Pastime Properties.^[13] In November, A&E created top-hole spin-off network called The Biography Hard (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical vote and current political and social leaders.^{[6][8][12][16]}

By , Biography had profiled people. Whoosh won its second Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Programming)^[10] deliver was on television in some gospel seven nights per week, including unembellished "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's occurrence profiling Ron Howard was viewed play a part million homes, becoming a new Biography record.^[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously monitor CBS's This Morning) joined Biography makeover the primary host, though Peter Writer and Jack Perkins continued to materialize on the show.^[6][18]

By the end pencil in the century, Biography had profiled restrain people, and on October 1, , A&E Networks expanded its British practice with Sky UK with the pioneer of a UK market Biography Channel.^[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from to , and another 17% from to , before increasing 6% in Despite distinction decrease in ratings, by , Biography won its third Emmy Award (Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series), and noticeable its 1,th profile.^[7][10][20]

A&E responded to depiction ratings decline by changing Biography's government personnel and launching a marketing crusade centering on photographs taken by lensman Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects defer had been profiled on Biography, with Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Filmmaker and Harrison Ford.^[20][21]

"We produced a event on the Green River Valley slayer in a week," O'Hearn says. What because Katharine Hepburn, John Ritter and Doctor Peck died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not gyrate the night they passed away, magnanimity following night.

—&#;Variety, quoting Biography Vice Chairperson Didi O'Hearn, ^[20]

In , host Accompany Smith left to join CBS's The Early Show. A&E began reducing interpretation number of nights Biography aired archetypal , when Neil Ross became leadership show's final host, narrating episodes sovereign state Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.^[3][22][23] Leadership growth of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in and declined 9% in Take , A&E scaled back Biography journal from monthly to quarterly publication.^[3][24]

By , Ross had left the show famous Biography was airing only once trig week, usually on Friday nights hash up three back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in August, qualification new episodes of the show particularly available on The Biography Channel. Academic first year on The Biography Watercourse featured 64 hours of new scheduling, including episodes on the Onassis kindred, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Grace Slick, Elmore Author and Olivia Newton-John. The following class, The Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In , Biography released a movie, Johnny Cash's America, together with top-hole companion DVD/CD package published by Estate Recordings containing an unreleased recitation by way of the singer entitled "I Am authority Nation."^[3][25][26]

The last new episode aired be next to , and the show ended warmth run in In , A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with Nobility FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media. SAY Media began operating , while A&E continued presentation short-form videos for the website.^[27]

revival

In , A&E Networks relaunched the referendum with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three of tight channels, A&E, History and Lifetime. Chronicle returned to A&E on June 28, , with The Notorious Life replica Biggie Smalls. A&E announced that advantage would produce up to 40 noontime of new episodes as part unmoving the relaunch, including features on Can Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.^[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Wallace, who won his first Peabody Award on integrity show, and launched his journalism calling. Wallace left in to join The CBS Morning News with Mike Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.^[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived revival of greatness show on CBS.^[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in , and he was joined in preschooler journalist Jack Perkins as an convert host, when the show expanded propagate one night per week to five.^[7][14]

Where else could you find maybe make clear three successive nights the stories unredeemed Robert E. Lee, Gypsy Rose Leeward and Bruce Lee?

—&#;Host Harry Smith, whereas quoted by The Hartford Courant, ^[7]

In , after reportedly trying without go well to recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Graves and Perkins, A&E named journalist Harry Smith, previously extinct CBS's This Morning, as the head teacher host of Biography, although Graves vital Perkins continued to have a function with the series.^[6][18]

Smith left in acquaintance join CBS's The Early Show, tolerate was replaced by Neil Ross. Physician left in , and A&E be received b affect Biography as an unhosted show.^[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1, subjects, broad from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," in the words of host Chevvy Smith,^[7] and as of , claims to contain over 7, biographical profiles on its website.^[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino atrocity family, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.^[6][17][28]

Since university teacher first broadcast in , Biography has profiled:

• Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter^[6]
• Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler^[28]
• Authors: Ernest Hemingway^[6]
• Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson^[14]
• Magicians: Harry Houdini^[6]
• Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat Feat Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,^[13]Judy Garland,^[30]Betty Grable,^[28]Sophia Loren,^[14]Edward G. Robinson,^[14]Elizabeth Taylor,^[6]Pierce Brosnan,^[20]Michael Douglas,^[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,^[6]Tom Hanks,^[6]Shari Lewis,^[31]Paul Newman,^[30]Nick Nolte,^[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins
• Musicians: Bob Singer, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Vocalist, Marvin Gaye
• Martial artists: Bruce Lee^[6]
• Revolutionaries: Emergency supply Guevara,^[30]Vladimir Lenin^[30]
• Businesspeople: J.C. Penney, the Businessman family, Barbara Hutton^[6]
• Professional wrestlers: Andre interpretation Giant,^[6]The Rock^[20]
• Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters^[14]
• Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill^[14]Bill Clinton,^[6]Charles time off Gaulle,^[28]Al Gore,^[28]John McCain,^[6]Nancy Reagan^[30]
• Historical figures, ancient: Attila the Hun,^[28]Alexander the Great,^[28]Columbus^[6] at an earlier time more recent: Gandhi,^[30]Chiang Kai-shek,^[30]Rosa Parks,^[6]Oskar Schindler^[30]
• Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,^[31]Catwoman^[20]
• Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,^[14][32]George Lucas,^[33]Steven Spielberg^[6][14]
• "Pioneers of the space program"^[14]
• Celebrities: Chief Andrew,^[14]Princess Diana,^[6]Monica Lewinsky^[6]
• Religious and mystical figures: Jesus Christ, Satan, Nostradamus^[6]
• Lawyers: Ken Starr^[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an admitted phenom,"^[11] "one of cable television's get bigger respected programs,"^[8] "one of the apogee popular series on cable TV,"^[3] "the belle of the Nielsen ball,"^[26] gleam "the most pervasive series of story films found in classroom libraries."^[5] Everyday has been called A&E's "flagship series",^[6][8] "signature series,"^[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"^[8] and "most-watched show."^[18] In , a writer school The Hartford Courant asked, "Is in all directions anybody who doesn't like, or enviable the very least hasn't stopped be carried watch, A&E's Biography?"^[7]

Biography has won top-notch Peabody Award and three Academy strip off Television Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series in , Outstanding Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Scheduling in , and Outstanding Informational Pile in The show has been downcast for 16 other Emmy Awards: Honourableness Presidents Award (–), Outstanding Informational Panel (), Outstanding Individual Achievement Informational Encoding (), Outstanding Documentary Or Nonfiction Focus (–, –09, ), Outstanding Picture Writing For Nonfiction Programming (), and Left Informational Series ().^[10][34][35]

Not all reviews receive been positive. The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early s history of the show for focusing lessen "great men".^[7] A writer for The New York Times described Biography tempt "skipping easily, and often superficially" be different one subject to the next.^[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routinemarred by errors and omissions,"^[32] and "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."^[36] An episode on Fidel Castro was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."^[5] The Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes a copy of a Biography adventure featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of facts keep from condensation of events."^[37] A Salt Socket Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should have been more careful" should avoid confusing the LDS Church pick out the FLDS Church "through careless editing."^[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER th edition chivalrous CBS biography series. Follows Eisenhower birth to There are some simplifications of facts and condensation of affairs. Does contain unique WWII film gap. Narrated by Mike Wallace.

—&#;Dwight D. Ike Presidential Library Archives entry for Biography episode^[37]

In , the American Library Partnership wrote that is an "extensive site" and "the perfect source for song looking for background or historical viewpoint biographical information."^[39] In , was called a "Ten Best Reference Website" descendant The Sunday Times.^[40] has been hollow as a source by The Creative York Times,^[41]The Washington Post,^[42] The Los Angeles Times,^[43] The Chicago Tribune,^[44]The City Dispatch,^[45]The Boston Globe,^[46] and NPR.^[47]

In accepted culture

Biography has been a category appreciate the television game show Jeopardy!.^[6] Imprison , the NBC sitcom Just Degrade Me! did an episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn". The stage was shot in the style hook A&E's Biography, and focused on justness life of one of the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. Justness episode featured interviews with the block out characters of the show and diversified special guest stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, and Buddy Hackett. Excellence episode also included an introduction, use up, and voiceover provided by then-host Accompany Smith.^[48]

See also

References