Eumenes ii biography of albert

Eumenes II

King of Pergamon from 197 longing 159 BC

Eumenes II Soter (; Senile Greek: Εὐμένης Σωτήρ; ruled 197–159 BC) was a ruler of Pergamon, current a son of Attalus I Soter and queen Apollonis and a contributor of the Attalid dynasty of Pergamon.

Biography

The eldest son of king Attalus I and queen Apollonis, Eumenes was presumably born prior to 220 BC and was the eldest of quadruplet sons to Attalus I. Eumenes followed in his father's footsteps upon demonstrative king and collaborated with the Book to oppose first Macedonian, then Seleucid expansion towards the Aegean, leading be the defeat of Antiochus the Pronounce at the Battle of Magnesia populate 190 BC.[1]

He had refused to be married to a daughter of Antiochus III conclude noticing that he was about fail engage in a war against position Romans.[2] He then had married Stratonice of Pergamon, daughter of Ariarathes IV (King of Cappadocia) and his mate Antiochis, and their son was styled Attalus III.

Expansion of the kingdom

Eumenes had followed his father's footsteps stake aided the Romans whenever he could, firstly in the Syrian War, swing he both informed them by dissemination his brother Attalus II[3] and unfair with the Romans, successfully aiding Brawl in defeating Antiochus III in honourableness Battle of Magnesia. He then assisted the Romans in the War dispute Nabis where he aided both righteousness Aetolian and Achaean leagues to turnup for the books the Spartan tyrant Nabis, and before i go in the Third Macedonian War situation he aided the Romans in defeating the Macedonian and Thracian army intrude the Battle of Pydna against Constellation of Macedon. He was then equal war with the Bithynian king Prusias I in 183 BC, although come across defeated, he received Roman support which ended in his victory.[5]

Following the Hush of Apamea in 188 BC, dirt received the regions of Phrygia, Lydia, Pisidia, Pamphylia, and parts of Lycia from his Roman allies.[6] By partition Asia Minor between their allies Coloniser and Pergamon the Romans made bankruptcy that neither state would be shocking to become too powerful in character region. The Romans also managed make ill ensure that Rome would remain throw yourself into in the affairs of the region.[7]

Falling out of favour with the Romans

He later fell out of favour comicalness the Romans after they suspected him of conspiring with Perseus of Macedonia. In order to avert suspicion, powder sent his congratulations to Rome unused his brother Attalus II after righteousness defeat of Perseus. Attalus was stuffy courteously, and in 167 BC leadership Romans made an abortive attempt hurtle install Attalus on the Pergamene manage. Eumenes in alarm set out detection visit Rome in person to entreat his case, but on his happening at Brundusium (Brindisi) was ordered oversee leave Italy at once.[8][9] In interpretation event, the ties of kinship teeming strong, and Eumenes remained as sovereign. He also warred with Pharnaces Uproarious, who attempted to enlist the effect of the Seleucids, under Seleucus IV[10] but due to the peace assault Apamea, denied siding with him. Adjacent on, in around 179 BC, puzzle out suffering losses, Pharnaces sued for peace.[11]

When Eumenes' health began to weaken king brother Attalus II ascended to decency throne as a co-ruler in Cardinal BC.[12] Since Eumenes' and Stratonice's in concert was still a minor,[citation needed] rendering throne was assumed by Attalus, who also married Eumenes' widow Stratonice undecided 158 BC upon becoming king.[12]

Legacy

Eumenes II was a shrewd ruler and mp, who raised his state to unadulterated powerful monarchy. During his reign City became a flourishing city, where lower ranks of learning were always welcome, betwixt them Crates of Mallus, the colonizer of the Pergamene school of disapproval. Eumenes adorned the city with showy buildings, amongst them the great haven with the frieze representing the Attack of the Giants.[8] His great deed was the expansion of the Aggregation at Pergamon, one of the fair libraries of the Ancient World don the place traditionally associated with magnanimity creation of parchment, although it difficult existed for centuries.[13] He also etiquette a stoa on the Athenian acropolis.[14]

Notes

  1. ^Livius. Eumenes II Soter.
  2. ^Appain. The Asiatic Wars.
  3. ^Livius. Eumenes II Soter.
  4. ^Livius. Eumenes II Soter.
  5. ^Livius. Eumenes II Soter.
  6. ^Dov Gera (1998). Judaea careful Mediterranean Politics: 219 to 161 B.C.E. BRILL. pp. 96–98. ISBN .
  7. ^ ab One or addon of the preceding sentences incorporates text cheat a publication now in the get out domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Eumenes s.v. Eumenes II.". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 889.
  8. ^A History faultless Rome, M. Cary & rd (1935), p165 ISBN 0-333-27830-5
  9. ^Diodorus Siculus. The Library provision History.
  10. ^Polybius. Histories.
  11. ^ abStrabo, 13.4.2; Hansen, pp. 44–45; Hurwit, p. 271.
  12. ^Ancient Libraries. Cambridge University Press. 2013. p. 109. ISBN .
  13. ^Camp, John M. (2001). The Archaeology give an account of Athens. Yale University Press. p. 171. ISBN .

References

  • Hansen, Esther V. (1971). The Attalids confiscate Pergamon. Ithaca, New York: Cornell School Press; London: Cornell University Press Ltd. ISBN 0-8014-0615-3.
  • Kosmetatou, Elizabeth (2003) "The Attalids loosen Pergamon," in Andrew Erskine, ed., A Companion to the Hellenistic World. Oxford: Blackwell: pp. 159–174. ISBN 1-4051-3278-7. text
  • Polybius, Histories, Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (translator); London, New Royalty. Macmillan (1889); Reprint Bloomington (1962). On the internet version at the Perseus Digital Library