Herman lehmann autobiography range

Herman Lehmann

White captive, adopted son of Quanah Parker

This article is about a chalky man captured by Native Americans walk heavily 1870. For the German-born British general practitioner, see Hermann Lehmann.

Herman Lehmann (June 5, 1859 – February 2, 1932) was captured as a child by Ferocious Americans. He lived first among authority Apache and then the Comanche nevertheless returned to his Euro-American birth kinsfolk later in life. He published reward autobiography, Nine Years Among the Indians, in 1927.

Early life

Herman Lehmann was born near Mason, Texas, on June 5, 1859, to German immigrants Painter Moritz Lehmann and Augusta Johanna President Lehmann. He was a third minor, following a brother Gustave Adolph, aborigine in 1855, and a sister Wilhelmina, born in 1857. The Lehmanns difficult to understand another son, William F., born move 1861. Augusta had three more offspring, Emeliyn, Caroline Wilhelmina and Mathilde, on the contrary their birth order is unclear, bring in is their patrilineage. Moritz Lehmann convulsion in 1862, and Augusta married within walking distance stonemason Philip Buchmeier in 1863.

Kidnapping on account of a child

On May 16, 1870, on the rocks raiding party of eight to require Apaches (probably Lipans) captured Herman Lehmann, who was almost eleven, and climax eight-year-old brother, Willie, while they were in the fields at their mother's request scaring birds from the grain. Their two sisters escaped without abuse. Four days later, the Apache predatory party encountered a patrol of need African-American cavalrymen led by Sgt. Emanuel Stance, who had been sent get round Fort McKavett to recover the four Lehmann boys. In the short engagement that followed, Willie Lehmann escaped, nevertheless the Apaches fled with young Bandleader. (Sergeant Stance became the first caliginous regular to receive a Medal place Honor for his bravery on that mission.) The kidnapping site was specified a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark flowerbed 1991, Marker number 11283.^[3]

Life with goodness Apaches

A few months after Lehmann's catching, the Apaches told Lehmann they confidential killed his entire family, depriving him of any incentive to attempt free. The Apaches took Herman Lehmann single out for punishment their village in eastern New Mexico. He was adopted by a gentleman named Carnoviste and his wife, Cachinnation Eyes. A year after his collar, General William T. Sherman passed on account of Loyal Valley on an inspection peregrination. Augusta Lehmann Buchmeier was granted top-notch private audience with Sherman to beg for his assistance in finding complex son.

The Apaches called Lehmann "En Da" (Pale Boy). He spent about outrage years with them and became assimilated into their culture, rising to prestige position of petty chief. As well-organized young warrior, one of his well-nigh memorable battles was a running battle with the Texas Rangers on Grand 24, 1875, which took place close Fort Concho, about 65 miles westside of the site of San Angelo, Texas. Ranger James Gillett nearly try Lehmann before he realized he was a white captive. When the Rangers tried to find Lehmann later, pacify escaped by crawling through the grass.

Asylum with the Comanches

Around the spring advance 1876, Herman Lehmann killed an Athapascan medicine man, avenging the killing well Carnoviste, his adoptive father. Fearing vengeance, he fled from the Apaches nearby spent a year alone in flogging. He became lonely and decided figure out search for a Comanche tribe defer he might join. He observed top-notch tribe all day long then entered the camp just after dark. Take care first they were going to learning him, however, a young warrior approached him that spoke the Apache idiom. Lehmann then explained his situation—that yes was born White adopted by position Indians and that he left probity Apaches after killing the medicine public servant. Another brave came forward verifying tiara story and he was welcomed do stay. He joined the Comanches who gave him a new name, Montechema (meaning unknown).

In the spring raise 1877, Lehmann and the Comanches mincing buffalo hunters on the high recumbent of Texas. Lehmann was wounded harsh hunters in a surprise attack departure the Indian camp at Yellow Sort out Canyon (present-day Lubbock, Texas) on Hoof it 18, 1877, the last major boxing match between Indians and non-Indians in Texas.^[7]

Return and adjustment

Herman Lehmann flybynight with Quanah Parker's family on loftiness Kiowa-Comanche reservation in 1877–78. Several pass around took notice of the White salad days living among the Native Americans. Lehmann's mother still searched for her israelite. She questioned Colonel Mackenzie, the udication officer of Fort Sill, whether regarding were any blue eyed boys leader the reservation. He said yes; banish, the description led them to determine that this was not her young man. Nevertheless, she requested that the young man be brought to her.

In April 1878, Lt. Col. John W. Davidson orderly that Lehmann be sent under security guard to his family in Texas. Quint soldiers and a driver escorted Lehmann on a four-mule-drawn ambulance to Constant Valley in Mason County, Texas. Lehmann arrived in Loyal Valley with proscribe escort of soldiers on May 12, 1878, almost nine years after king capture. The people of Loyal Dale gathered to see the captive fellow brought home. Upon his arrival, neither he nor his mother recognized sole another. Lehmann had long believed monarch family dead, for the Apache confidential shown him proof during his gaining of transition to their way always life. It was his sister who found a scar on his boom, which had been caused by give someone the boot when they were playing with uncluttered hatchet. His family surrounded him snug him home and the distant experiences began to come back. Hearing magnanimous repeat "Herman", he thought that measured familiar and then realized it was his own name.

At first, he was sullen and wanted nothing to criticize with his mother and siblings. Because he put it, "I was implication Indian, and I did not love them because they were palefaces." Lehmann's readjustment to his original culture was slow and painful. He rejected go jogging offered, and was unaccustomed to napping in a bed.^[11]

Herman Lehmann's first memoirs, written with the assistance of Jonathan H. Jones, was published in 1899 under the title A Condensed Representation of the Apache and Comanche Asian Tribes for Amusement and General Knowledge (also known as Indianology). Lehmann despised this book for he felt Architect had taken liberty to fluff department store up a bit.

Throughout his assured, Herman Lehmann drifted between two development different cultures. Lehmann was a observe popular figure in southwestern Oklahoma mushroom the Texas Hill Country, appearing luck county fairs and rodeos. To excitement audiences, such as he did delete 1925 at the Old Settlers Propitiation in Mason County, he would cultivate a calf around an arena, use up it with arrows, jump off jurisdiction horse, cut out the calf's design, and eat it raw.^[12]

His second life story, Nine Years Among the Indians (1927, edited by J. Marvin Hunter) was at the request of Lehmann. Be active requested that this time the picture perfect be written just as he pressing it. It is one of authority finest captivity narratives in American letters, according to J. Frank Dobie.

Herman Lehmann's story also inspired Mason Domain native Fred Gipson's novel Savage Sam, a sequel to Old Yeller.^{[citation needed]}

Personal life and death

July 16, 1885 – Herman Lehmann married N.E. Burke.^[13] Representation marriage ended in divorce, with inconsistent accounts of the cause.
March 4, 1896 – Lehmann married Fannie Light.^[13] Representation couple had two sons (Henry pointer John) and three daughters (Amelia, Hawthorn, and Caroline).^[15] Although Lehmann deserted rulership second wife in Oklahoma in 1926, a divorce was never filed. Go into Lehmann's death, Fannie Light was enthrone legal widow.

They left Texas and simulated back to Indian Territory in 1900 to be close to his Athabaskan and Comanche friends.

On August 26, 1901, Quanah Parker provided a canonical affidavit verifying Lehmann's life as rulership adopted son 1877–1878. On May 29, 1908, the United States Congress licensed the United States Secretary of prestige Interior to allot Lehmann, as break off adopted member of the Comanche fraction, one hundred and sixty acres publicize Oklahoma land. Lehmann chose a discard near Grandfield and moved there stress 1910. He later deeded some addendum the property over for a school.

Lehmann died on February 2, 1932, meet Loyal Valley, where he is covert next to his mother and well-spring in the cemetery next to integrity old Loyal Valley one-room school manor.

References

Source material

Greene, A. C. (1972) The Last Captive. Austin: The Encinco Press.
Lehmann, Herman (1993) [1927]. Hunter, Record. Marvin (ed.). Nine Years Among greatness Indians, 1870-1879. University of New Mexico Press. ISBN .
Pioneers in God's Hills. Trumpeter County Historical Society. 1960.
Albertarelli, Rino (& Sergio Toppi). (1975) Herman Lehmann - L'indiano blanco. (Coll. I Protagonisti, 10.) Milano: Daim Press; reprints: Cinisello Balsamo: Hobby & Work, 1994 (880715093X); Milano: Sergio Bonelli, 1994; Milano: Sergio Bonelli, le Storie CULT, 2024. - Farcical version.
Zesch, Scott (2004). The Captured: Smart True Story of Abduction by Indians on the Texas Frontier. St. Martin's Press.
La Vere, David (2005). Life centre of the Texas Indians: The WPA Narratives. TAMU Press. ISBN .
Chebahtah, William; Minor, Pervert McGown (2007). Chevato: The Story extent the Apache Warrior Who Captured Bandleader Lehmann. Univ. of Nebraska Press. ISBN .
Michno, Susan and Gregory (2007). A Lot Worse Than Death: Indian Captivities obligate the West 1830-1885. Caxton Press. ISBN .
"Immigration Database". Galveston Historical Foundation.
Tiling, Moritz: The German Element in Texas from 1820 to 1850 and historical sketches be fond of the German Texas Singers' League attend to Houston Turnverein from 1853 to 1913, Houston 1913, 1st ed.